Identification of likely
orthologs of tobacco salicylic acid - binding protein 2 and their role in systemic acquired resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana
cell type expresses
orthologs of genes from different temporal phases of the light — dark cycle in a related unicellular alga,
Instead, they discovered that each V. carteri cell type expresses
orthologs of genes from different temporal phases of the light — dark cycle in a related unicellular alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, with somatic cells enriched for expression of dark - phase genes, and gonidial cells enriched for expression of light - phase genes.
In order to expand the analysis of calcification associated genes, the gene expressions of S. pistillata's
orthologs of galaxin and galaxin - like were analyzed through semi-quantitative real - time PCR (Figs. 5A — 5B and File S1).
Furthermore,
orthologs of genes controlling pistil retention in maize were misregulated in bsl1 - 1 mutants.
In addition, a number of key developmental regulators were expressed at higher levels in bsl1 - 1 mutants, including
orthologs of classical genes from maize that specify AM identity and determinacy (e.g., bd1 [Chuck et al., 2002] and ramosa1 [Vollbrecht et al., 2005]-RRB-, that pattern lateral organ development (e.g., narrow sheath1 [Scanlon et al., 1996] and yabby10 [Juarez et al., 2004]-RRB-, and those implicated in carpel repression in maize tassels (e.g., grassy tillers1 [Whipple et al., 2011], tasselseed 1 [Acosta et al., 2009], and tasselseed 2 [Irish and Nelson, 1993]-RRB-(Table 2).
* Commensal
orthologs of the human autoantigen Ro60 as triggers of autoimmunity in lupus — Teri M. Greiling — Science Translational Medicine
Of special note today: gut microbiota species expressing
orthologs of human Ro60 might be involved in triggering and sustaining chronic autoimmunity in lupus; The portal vein blood microbiome in patients with liver cirrhosis; A randomized clinical study suggests dietary promotion of short chain fatty acid producing gut microbes as an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes; and the sexual dimorphism of root, flower and leaf microbiomes in the wild strawberry plant
The team produced
an ortholog of the uropathogen - derived protein.
Humans have
an ortholog of the murine Nrk gene, and considering that the gene expression pattern in breast tumor in Nrk mutant mice was similar to that in human luminal B breast cancer, the findings of this study may lead to further understanding of the mechanisms of human breast cancer suppression and to advances in its diagnosis and therapy.
To test this, we performed in situ hybridizations using a probe designed to the S. viridis
ortholog of the maize knotted1 (kn1) gene, a key marker of meristem maintenance (Kerstetter et al., 1997; Bolduc et al., 2012)(Supplemental Figure 10).
One of these SNPs resulted in a premature stop codon within Sevir.7 G140700 (+1860 from the transcriptional start site; Figure 3B), which encodes the syntenic
ortholog of Dwarf11 (D11) in rice, the cytochrome P450 724B involved in BR biosynthesis (Tanabe et al., 2005; Sakamoto et al., 2006).
Our RNA - seq analyses showed that SvBd1 (Sevir.2 G437800), encoding
the ortholog of a conserved AP2 - ERF TF, which specifies SM identity in maize and other grasses (Chuck et al., 2002), was expressed at substantially higher levels in the bsl1 - 1 mutant compared with the wild type, consistent with increased production of spikelets in place of bristles (Table 2).
TDP - 1, the Caenorhabditis elegans
ortholog of TDP - 43, limits the accumulation of double - stranded RNA.
As expected,
an ortholog of AtDwf4 and OsDwf4 in S. viridis (SvDwf4; Sevir.9 G483600) was identified.
In addition, one of the genes identified —
an ortholog of human COL2A1 is commonly used as a chondrocytic maker in the development of cartilage (Zaucke et al., 2001).
The ortholog of the rice ebisu dwarf2 gene, which encodes CYP90D2 (SvROT3 / CYP90C1; Sevir.5 G137200), a P450 that catalyzes C - 23 hydroxylation of BRs (Sakamoto et al., 2012), was significantly upregulated in the bsl1 - 1 mutant.
Characterization of the Drosophila
ortholog of the human Usher Syndrome type 1G protein sans.
This gene was confirmed as the Nasonia
ortholog of doublesex based on protein domains, expression pattern, sex specific splice forms, and experimental demonstration that splice forms are associated with sex in a gynandromorph producing line [18].
Eros is
an ortholog of the plant protein Ycf4, which is necessary for expression of proteins of the photosynthetic photosystem 1 complex, itself also an NADPH oxio - reductase.
Not exact matches
The fly has
orthologs to 177
of the 289 human disease genes examined and provides the foundation for rapid analysis
of some
of the basic processes involved in human disease.
Future research will aim to describe the precise molecular mechanisms
of action, as well as to generate other
orthologs that boost efficacy while reducing side effects.
Most orthology determination methods make use
of sequence comparisons: the amino acid sequences
of all proteins in two species are compared with each other, and the two sequences that are most similar are considered to be
orthologs.
The 2485 introns with
orthologs available in the two outgroup Palaeognathae species ranged from exhibiting no conflict to exhibiting considerable conflict (up to 950 genes or 38 %) for some branches
of the TENT (Fig. 3A, blue numbers, and Fig. 5C).
For ~ 13,000 (low - coverage genomes) to ~ 18,000 (high - coverage genomes) annotated genes across avian species (44), phylomeDB inferred
orthologs for 94.58 %
of them and these agreed with the synteny - based orthology
of the 8251 protein - coding genes
of the TENT by 93 %.
Gene expression divergence levels were obtained from [71] and were measured in terms
of the number
of commonly co-expressed genes between human and mouse one to one
orthologs.
Analysis and Classification
of Human Herpesviridae Proteins Using Domain - Architecture Aware Inference
of Orthologs (DAIO)
Although CRISPR is incredibly useful for generating mutations by NHEJ and generating small mutations with HDR, when it comes to larger scale genome editing, such as replacement
of a mouse gene with its human
ortholog (greater than 5 kb), it remains to be seen whether CRISPR is as robust as conventional gene targeting.
Reduced expression
of the Caenorhabditis elegans p53
ortholog cep - 1 results in increased longevity.
Serena Bielli (Dahmann, MPG)-- «Characterization
of the EGFL7 / 8
ortholog during Drosophila oogenesis» (2006)
Bottom 10 % CCGs are the genes with the least amount
of co-expressed
orthologs shared between human and mouse, these genes are likely to have divergent expression patterns between both species.
In rice, CYP724B1, encoded by the bsl1
ortholog D11, and CYP90B, encoded by OsDwf4, are partially redundant for C - 22 hydroxylation and the loss -
of - function double mutants in OsDwf4 and D11 exhibited severe dwarfism and malformed, erect leaves (Sakamoto et al., 2006).
In a 2016 National Institutes
of Health summer internship at the National Human Genomic Research Institute, Sappington conducted a third research project in which she demonstrated a fast, alignment - free computational method for identifying
orthologs — similar genes from species that are related by descent from a common ancestor.
The evidence
of ortholog genes expression which likely associated with Smad proteins, Wnt, TGF - β signaling pathways, and cartilage formation in S. pistillata supports previous reports suggesting that gene regulatory pathways
of development and biomineralization processes across the metazoan evolution are considerably conserved (Jackson et al., 2007; Marin et al., 2008).
Jason Heaney, Baylor College
of Medicine - Modelling human disease variants in murine
ortholog (s) with CRISPR / Cas9
Whereas 12
of 16 annotations were confirmed by RT - PCR in human tissues, for only seven genes mouse
orthologs could be identified and found to be expressed.
Abbreviations: AL3E, after L3 ecdysis; FoxO, Forkhead Box O; FRE, FoxO - Response Element; GBP, Growth - Blocking Peptide; GFP, green fluorescent protein; IIS, insulin / insulin - like growth factor signaling; ILP, insulin - like peptide; L3, third larval instar; pAKT, phosphorylated AKT; ppl, pumpless; qPCR, quantitative PCR; Rheb, Ras homolog enriched in brain
ortholog; TOR, Target
of Rapamycin
For each Nasonia gene with a RBH
ortholog in D. melanogaster, we assigned the immune function annotated for D. melanogaster, based on previously published lists
of immune genes in Drosophila [5].
Benchmarking Universal Single - Copy
Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis showed that the pipeline was able to identify at least 95 %
of BUSCO.s plantae dataset.
The structure
of YqeH: An AtNOS1 / AtNOA1
ortholog that couples gtp hydrolysis to molecular recognition
TCF class is a classification
of human transcription factors (TFs) and their mouse
orthologs based on the characteristics
of their DNA - binding domains.
Such similar global, spermatogenic - specific impacts
of mutations in
orthologs in divergent phyla is surprising and unprecedented, given the vastly different organization
of testicular structure, type
of spermatogenesis and differences in the contribution
of hormonal control in mammals and insects.
Wingender E, Schoeps T, Haubrock M and Dönitz J. TFClass: a classification
of human transcriptionfactors and their rodent
orthologs.
Of these, 12,200 have clear C. elegans
orthologs, a further 6,500 have one or more clearly detectable C. elegans homologs, and approximately 800 C. briggsae genes have no detectable matches in C. elegans.
Because
of this,
orthologs are likely to have the same function.
We integrate functional genomic datasets with up - to - date gene and genome annotations, Gene Ontology and pathway annotations, gene
orthologs, gene interactions, and a comprehensive set
of miRNA - target predictions for human, mouse, zebrafish, and nematode.
Previously, InParanoid was based on eukaryotes only, but in the new release a number
of prokaryotes are included thanks to the Quest for
Orthologs Reference Proteomes.
Our previous studies demonstrated the capacity
of both WIV1 and WIV16 to use ACE2
orthologs for cell entry and to efficiently replicate in human cells [17,18].