Sentences with phrase «other aerosol clouds»

MacDonald's atlas shows 12 other aerosol clouds all being downwind from desert regions and likely natural.

Not exact matches

During storms, they flew a research aircraft with several powerful instruments, including one that can identify the type of particle in a cloud and determine whether it was dust or some other type of aerosol.

Scientists can measure how much energy greenhouse gases now add (roughly three watts per square meter), but what eludes precise definition is how much other factors — the response of clouds to warming, the cooling role of aerosols, the heat and gas absorbed by oceans, human transformation of the landscape, even the natural variability of solar strength — diminish or strengthen that effect.

Still other effects — which primarily promote cooling — occur when the aerosols begin mixing into a cloud.

On the other hand, by warming the atmosphere, aerosols can stabilize the air and protect clouds from drying out and thinning.

In particular, they propose that cloud changes associated with aerosol particles in the atmosphere could be causing the weekend effect, though other pollution processes can not be ruled out at this time.

To investigate the layers and composition of clouds and tiny airborne particles like dust, smoke and other atmospheric aerosols,, scientists at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland have developed an instrument called the Cloud - Aerosol Transport System, or CATS.

The intensity of this return pulse also allows scientists to infer other properties, such as the composition of clouds, and the abundance and sizes of aerosols,.

Each cell contains algorithms that reflect the interactions among the ocean, clouds, water vapor, aerosols, trees, soil and other tiny widgets.

Other aerosols can bring about temporary atmospheric cooling, mainly by seeding clouds that linger in the atmosphere longer than they normally would, or by scattering light.

FMI has been involved in research project, which evaluated the simulations of long - range transport of BB aerosol by the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS - 5) and four other global aerosol models over the complete South African - Atlantic region using Cloud - Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations to find any distinguishing or common model aerosol by the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS - 5) and four other global aerosol models over the complete South African - Atlantic region using Cloud - Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations to find any distinguishing or common model aerosol models over the complete South African - Atlantic region using Cloud - Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations to find any distinguishing or common model Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations to find any distinguishing or common model biases.

Climate is not different, as can be seen in the fact that a broad range of cloud feedbacks (compensated by other parameters...) or a range of combined aerosol / CO2 sensitivities is able to fit the temperature of the past century.

The team is also using their 2 - species VBS framework to study organic aerosols and cloud - aerosol interactions for other climate science field campaigns.

The PNNL team is currently applying the approach, which grew out of the Aerosol Climate Initiative, to other types of simulations, so that future high - resolution climate models will solve the mystery surrounding aerosol - cloud interaAerosol Climate Initiative, to other types of simulations, so that future high - resolution climate models will solve the mystery surrounding aerosol - cloud interaaerosol - cloud interactions.

Over the past several years, scientists from many institutions have explored the ability of SP - CAM to simulate tropical weather systems, the day - night changes of precipitation, the Asian and African monsoons, cloud - aerosol interactions and other climate phenomena.

He has extensive experience developing weather and research modeling codes and has applied these to the study of mesoscale circulations, clouds, and aerosols for Earth and other terrestrial planetary atmospheres, including Mars, Titan, Venus, and Pluto.

Within the integrated Earth system science paradigm, our major research thrusts include the physics and chemistry of aerosols, clouds and precipitation; integrating our understanding of climate, energy, and other human and natural systems through the development and application of models that span a wide range of spatial scales; and determining the impacts of and informing responses to climate and other global and regional environmental changes.

This empirical fast - feedback climate sensitivity allows water vapor, clouds, aerosols, sea ice, and all other fast feedbacks that exist in the real world to respond naturally to global climate change.

The total of -0.7 W / m ^ 2 is the same as the best observational (satellite) total aerosol adjusted forcing estimate given in the leaked Second Order Draft of AR5 WG1, which includes cloud lifetime (2nd indirect) and other effects.

What it shows is the effect of the structural uncertainty in individual GCMs (meaning that some of them are systematically high, others systematically low, due to flaws in the representation of the physics; most probably related to discretization / parametrization effects for clouds and / or aerosols).

There are other highly uncertain topics such as hurricanes and global warming and cloud / aerosol feedbacks, that are arguably more important for the global warming argument than the paleo reconstructions.

This includes the energy trapped by photosynthesis, the majority that is not re-radiated, plus energy that is prevented from re-radiating back by reflecting from cloud cover or aerosols, absorbed by GHGs, and other mechanisms.

Climate is not different, as can be seen in the fact that a broad range of cloud feedbacks (compensated by other parameters...) or a range of combined aerosol / CO2 sensitivities is able to fit the temperature of the past century.

First, for changing just CO2 forcing (or CH4, etc, or for a non-GHE forcing, such as a change in incident solar radiation, volcanic aerosols, etc.), there will be other GHE radiative «forcings» (feedbacks, though in the context of measuring their radiative effect, they can be described as having radiative forcings of x W / m2 per change in surface T), such as water vapor feedback, LW cloud feedback, and also, because GHE depends on the vertical temperature distribution, the lapse rate feedback (this generally refers to the tropospheric lapse rate, though changes in the position of the tropopause and changes in the stratospheric temperature could also be considered lapse - rate feedbacks for forcing at TOA; forcing at the tropopause with stratospheric adjustment takes some of that into account; sensitivity to forcing at the tropopause with stratospheric adjustment will generally be different from sensitivity to forcing without stratospheric adjustment and both will generally be different from forcing at TOA before stratospheric adjustment; forcing at TOA after stratospehric adjustment is identical to forcing at the tropopause after stratospheric adjustment).

In addition, some models include the indirect effects of tropospheric sulphate aerosols on clouds (e.g., Tett et al., 2002), whereas others consider only the direct radiative effect (e.g., Meehl et al., 2004).

The meeting will mainly cover the following themes, but can include other topics related to understanding and modelling the atmosphere: ● Surface drag and momentum transport: orographic drag, convective momentum transport ● Processes relevant for polar prediction: stable boundary layers, mixed - phase clouds ● Shallow and deep convection: stochasticity, scale - awareness, organization, grey zone issues ● Clouds and circulation feedbacks: boundary - layer clouds, CFMIP, cirrus ● Microphysics and aerosol - cloud interactions: microphysical observations, parameterization, process studies on aerosol - cloud interactions ● Radiation: circulation coupling; interaction between radiation and clouds ● Land - atmosphere interactions: Role of land processes (snow, soil moisture, soil temperature, and vegetation) in sub-seasonal to seasonal (S2S) prediction ● Physics - dynamics coupling: numerical methods, scale - separation and grey - zone, thermodynamic consistency ● Next generation model development: the challenge of exascale, dynamical core developments, regional refinement, super-parametrization ● High Impact and Extreme Weather: role of convective scale models; ensembles; relevant challenges for model development

There are much better arguments on other items where (C) AGW is on thin ice: climate models which fail on a lot of items like cloud cover, overestimate the influence of aerosols, can't cope with natural variability and therefore fail in their temperature forecasts.

Putting those two, theoretical, processes together with some shaky assumptions about aerosols, clouds and other atmospheric phenomena, and arriving at an assumption that the theoretical minor warming of CO2 is tripled is what concerns a true skeptic.

• biological aerosol seeding of clouds (phytoplankton and forests releasing isoprenes, Lovelock, Makarieva / Gorshkov), • and the «biotic pump hypothesis» (Makarieva / Gorshkov) •... among others... In addition, AGW - theory advocates systematically downplay the number and contribution of damping / stabilizing (or «negative») feedbacks (both of heat and CO2) in the global climate system — most implicated directly or indirectly with the activities of life, as illustrated in point # 3.

Narrowing climate sensitivity is challenging since the measure includes, and therefore compounds, the uncertainty inherent in aerosols, clouds and other phenomena.

Measuring aerosol concentration and radiation will help scientists examine how clouds and aerosols interact with each other and with different layers of arctic air.

The other three wild cards, Dr. Lomborg says, are the role of clouds, the effect of aerosols and the effect of the sunspot cycle on earth's climate.

Our scientists use laboratory studies, field campaigns, multi-scale models, and other tools to address key questions and uncertainties related to clouds, aerosol particles, and precipitation.

I suspect that the effect of doubling CO2 will be less than 2C and that much more will be learned about clouds, other aerosols, and the sun in the next 20 years.

They've been called chemtrails, aerial spraying, aerosol emissions, cirrus clouds, among many other terms.

With regard to the actual content of the press release quoted, it isn't clear if the process they report on (aerosol particles, particularly organic chemicals, getting smaller over time) makes them better or worse at forming clouds and their other atmosphere cooling functions.

Aerosol collections on the NOAA Ron Brown for subsequent processing of INP activation temperature spectra and composition analyses, add a valuable measurement to the ACAPEX and related CalWater2 (NOAA) studies for use in parameterizing and modeling the impacts of marine boundary layer and other aerosols on climate and radiation via aerosol - indirect effects on mixed phase Aerosol collections on the NOAA Ron Brown for subsequent processing of INP activation temperature spectra and composition analyses, add a valuable measurement to the ACAPEX and related CalWater2 (NOAA) studies for use in parameterizing and modeling the impacts of marine boundary layer and other aerosols on climate and radiation via aerosol - indirect effects on mixed phase aerosol - indirect effects on mixed phase clouds.

They deny they are wrong and fail to correct their mistakes: Competent personnel would have altered the GCM models to drastically reduce CO2 feedback and increase other effects (solar, clouds, aerosol) a long time ago.

Other aspects of aerosol - cloud interactions (e.g., cloud lifetime, semi-direct effect) are not considered to be an RF (see Chapter 7).

On the other hand, if some of the anthropogenic aerosols act as ice nuclei, supercooled clouds could be converted into ice clouds by the glaciation indirect effect (Lohmann, 2002), resulting in more efficient precipitation formation.

-- the behaviour of large influences on temperature has to be guessed (e.g. clouds)-- historical data are inadequate to estimate the size of other influences (aerosols)-- we don't know if we have even identified all the factors (forcings) involved, and of those already identified, not all are included in the models.

Other types of forcing that vary across the ensemble include solar variability, the indirect effects of aerosols on clouds and the effects of land use change on land surface albedo and other land surface properties (Table 1Other types of forcing that vary across the ensemble include solar variability, the indirect effects of aerosols on clouds and the effects of land use change on land surface albedo and other land surface properties (Table 1other land surface properties (Table 10.1).

Injecting sulphate aerosols into the stratosphere has been one of the various proposed «geoengineering» schemes; others include fertilizing the ocean with iron and stimulating cloud formation.

Svensmark et al. (2009) found large global reductions in the aerosol Ångström exponent from AERONET, liquid water path from SSM / I, and cloud cover from MODIS and ISCCP after large Forbush decreases, but these results were not corroborated by other studies who found no statistically significant links between GCR and clouds at the global scale (Calogovic et al., 2010; Kristjánsson et al., 2008; Laken and Calogovic, 2011).

Because of the combination of high absorption, a regional distribution roughly aligned with solar irradiance, and the capacity to form widespread atmospheric brown clouds in a mixture with other aerosols, emissions of black carbon are the second strongest contribution to current global warming, after carbon dioxide emissions.

Several possible anthropogenic mechanisms are discussed; we speculate that aerosol - cloud interactions are the most likely cause of this weekend effect, but we do not rule out others.

It would imply that the CO2 forcing of near 2 W / m2 has already all been balanced by something, presumably a combination of increased aerosols, increased surface temperature, reduced other GHGs, increased clouds, increased surface albedo, and / or a weaker sun.

The atmosphere ECV breakout group was asked to consider 10 ECVs related to observations of the atmosphere: Earth radiation budget (including solar irradiance); aerosol properties; ozone; carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases; cloud properties; precipitation; water vapor; surface wind speed and direction; upper - air wind; and upper - air temperature.

In addition to the data from the radiometers, the Berkeley Lab scientists will get supplemental data by taking advantage of a separate, in - depth DOE climate study at the same location, which is using additional instruments and a balloon - borne sounding system to get information on temperature, cloud cover, the density and types of aerosols or pollution particles, heat fluxes and other climate variables like precipitation.

Dust retrievals are often difficult because of the presence of aerosols other than dust and of clouds.