Although Bowlby did not rule out the possibility of
other attachment figures for a child, he did believe that there should be a primary bond which was much more important than any other (usually the mother).
(What about all those multiple
other attachment figures, which infants are even more likely to have in households where there is no resident biological father?)
Symptoms include: worry about losing parents or
other attachment figures though illness or death; unreasonable fear of an event that causes separation (getting lost, say, or being kidnapped); reluctance or refusal to leave home for school; undue fear of sleeping or being alone; persistent nightmares about separation; and physical symptoms (headaches, stomachaches) in conjunction with separation or anticipation of separation.
But the good news is that research supports the notion that those with insecure relationship styles can and do find a close, secure relationship with God as they turn to him and discover he is not like
other attachment figures who have hurt them in life.
Separation anxiety is a complex behavior disorder displayed when the owner (or
other attachment figure) leaves the dog.
Moreover, children simply do not suffer «separation anxiety» in the care of their primary parents because
some other attachment figure is not present.
First, four classes of behaviors appear universally to convey the symbolic message that «my parent...» (or
other attachment figure) ``... loves me» (or does not love me — i.e., rejects me).
Not exact matches
There's no right answer to this question when you're moving your child out of a co sleeping
attachment, so it can pay to talk it over with your partner and any
other affected members of your family to
figure out which option is best for you.
For the child who may have medical and / or psychological -
attachment - deprivation risk factors, a placement out of the home for extended periods of time can only promote further unattachment or indiscriminant
attachment to
other caretakers as opposed to the primary parental
figures.
It was a superb introduction to AP for those parents new to this different approach to childrearing and a great reminder for those parents who are currently practicing AP — plus there were
other new ideas shared; for example, the effect of involved fathers on children and families... and perhaps the most talked - about concept was Dr. McKenna's explanation of tandem parenting in which both parents are primary
attachment figures instead of the long - thought family design where only one parent can be the primary and the
other is the secondary.
Based on repeated experiences of interaction with an
attachment figure, the child forms internal representations of self and of relationships with
others [iv](Bowlby, 1969).
If the child seems disturbed - continues to cry, etc., consideration should be given to a prompt return to the mother or
other primary
attachment figure.
Research on resilient children indicates that they need only one secure
attachment figure to be successful, and it can be a mother, father, relative, or
other caring adult.
«There have been, and still are, clinicians and
others interested in children who have found it difficult to believe that accessibility or inaccessibility of an
attachment figure can of itself be a crucial variable in determining whether a child (or an adult for that matter) is happy or distressed... These separations occurring when the child is young play a weighty role in the origins of many adult emotional problems.»
Cut and pasted from our manuscript: Single adults might rely on
attachment figures in more or less the same way that partnered adults do, but their
attachment figures might be people
other than a romantic or marital partner (e.g., parents, close friends, siblings).
Infant Mental Health concerns the relationships that infants and young children develop with their primary
attachment figure, which may be a parent or
other primary caregiver.
To me, much of this says, «One
attachment at a time, while others are given slightly lower priority while the Primary Figure is being assimilated as the main Attachment figu
attachment at a time, while
others are given slightly lower priority while the Primary
Figure is being assimilated as the main Attachment figure.&
Figure is being assimilated as the main
Attachment figu
Attachment figure.&
figure.»
Other times we see things like a Virtual Boy, or a Wii U, or a bunch of goofy Wii Remote
attachments and Animal Crossing amiibo
figures nobody wants.
In
other words, it provides two different ways for you to
figure out if you are really clicking on the right
attachment.
Their husbands, as well as therapists and
other adults, are easily manipulated by kids with reactive
attachment disorder and only show their
other sides to mother
figures.
Based on repeated experiences of interaction with an
attachment figure, the child forms internal representations of self and of relationships with
others [iv](Bowlby, 1969).
In nontraditional homes, infants» «secondary»
attachment figures are as likely to be grandparents, siblings, and stepparents as the
other biological parent.
And, having repeatedly misrepresented research on infant - mother (I use «mother» here synonymously with mother - substitute or primary caregiver)
attachment, as «parents» and «caregivers,» implying that they are all equal (Lamb's own research has found otherwise), and making the completely misleading statement that «most infants» are attached to «both parents» this ostensibly indicates... that children suffer separation issues from all kinds of human beings, that there is no particular qualitative differences between one of the «
attachment figures» or another, that separation from one is like separation from another, and that all of this separation stress is ameliorated if the child simply is left with another fungible «
attachment figure» aka here «the
other parent.»
Findings that fathers «could» do this or that or become primary parents are distorted into recommendations based on
other, unsupported and logically invalid conclusions from those premises, such as that both parents «are» or «should be» equal
attachment figures to children.
Acceptance — The warmth, affection, care, comfort, concern, nurturance, support, or simply love that parents and
others can feel and express toward their children,
attachment figures, and
others.
The goal is to increase their ability to become secure
attachment figures for each
other.
Specifically to be an
attachment figure, as defined in IPARTheory, one's sense of emotional security, happiness, and well - being must be dependent to some degree on the quality of the relationship with the
other person.
Assessment of the extent to which an individual is a significant
other or an
attachment figure may be made by responding to the Intimate Partner Attachment Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Intimate Adult Relationship Questionnaire (IARQ), or the Intimate Partner Acceptance - Rejection / Control Questionnaire (I
attachment figure may be made by responding to the Intimate Partner
Attachment Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Intimate Adult Relationship Questionnaire (IARQ), or the Intimate Partner Acceptance - Rejection / Control Questionnaire (I
Attachment Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Intimate Adult Relationship Questionnaire (IARQ), or the Intimate Partner Acceptance - Rejection / Control Questionnaire (IPAR / CQ).
In early childhood development,
attachment is so important that a lack of connection to a secure
attachment figure (most likely the mother, father, or
other major caregiver) who was reliable and available results in physical alterations to the anatomy and chemistry of the brain, such as reduced brain activity and less developed cortexes.
That is, an
attachment figure is a significant
other.
As with all affectional bonds — such as those felt for significant
others and
attachment figures — individuals are likely to feel the need to establish at least periodic physical closeness or proximity to their partner, experience «distress upon inexplicable separation, pleasure or joy upon reunion, and grief at loss...» (Ainsworth, 1989, p. 711).
But an
attachment figure has at least one additional criterion not included in the definition of significant
other.
«And yet, when I hear
attachment theorists talk, I don't hear anything about these
other important
figures in a child's life.»
They look for acceptance and regard from anyone
other than their primary
attachment figures.
You're each
other's primary
attachment figures.
These core beliefs become the lens through which children (and later adults) view themselves and
others, especially authority and
attachment figures.
The most common causes of
attachment disorder are abuse, neglect, multiple out - of - home placements (such as moves within the foster - care system), and
other prolonged separations from their primary
attachment figure (commonly because of hospitalization, imprisonment and postpartum depression).
Both the narcissistic and borderline personalities also have a corresponding belief that they will be rejected and abandoned by the primary
attachment figure, which represents at the
attachment system level their internal working model for
other - in - relationship.
EFT can help bring to light why couples continue to foster an
attachment to each
other even when their relationship is in distress or hurt feelings are involved, and
figure out a way to improve those
attachments.
Inexplicable separation tends to cause distress, and permanent loss would cause grief... An»
attachment» is an affectional bond, and hence an
attachment figure is never wholly interchangeable with or replaceable by another, even though there may be
others to whom one is also attached.
The mother was the main
attachment figure for about half of the children at 18 months old and the father for most of the
others.
When we can not expect the primary
attachment figures in our lives to be dependable, available, or responsive, we may become insecure in our relationships and even avoidant of
others.
The underlying internal working models of
attachment, or organizing schemas, for both the borderline personality and the narcissist are the same, a fundamental experience of core - self inadequacy (belief about self - in - relationship) and a belief that he or she will be rejected and abandoned by the
attachment figure because of this fundamental core - self inadequacy (belief about
other - in - relationship).
The categories of
attachment styles are now described through a two - dimensional model (Brennan et al., 1998), according to which
attachment security corresponds to low avoidance and anxiety scores, reliable social interactions with
attachment figures, and positive views of the self and
others.
Both the narcissistic and borderline personalities have an experience of tremendous core - self inadequacy and both believe that this core - self inadequacy will result in their being rejected and abandoned by
others, principally by
attachment figures.
If the
attachment figure gives attentive and positive emotional responsiveness, the child will build positive mental representations of self and
others (Gunnar et al., 1996) and vice-versa.
This intransigently held, fixed and false belief (i.e., a delusion) is created by the collapse of the organized cognitive structures of the narcissistic / borderline personality into delusional beliefs, as specifically described by Millon (2011), in response to the psychological stresses triggered by the «unrelieved adversity and failure» surrounding the divorce experience (i.e., the public rejection and abandonment of the narcissistic / (borderline) parent by the
attachment figure of the
other spouse).
Although these strategies may be adaptive in the context of an elusive and inconsistent
attachment figure, they may incur psychological costs in
other contexts.
To some, this was because day care involved the infant's separation from mother (or
other principle caregiver), as separation from the
attachment figure was inherently stressful.
Indeed, accumulating correlational and experimental evidence has demonstrated the pain - attenuating effects of an
attachment figure or
other supportive individual.