Breast milk itself contains hormones and
other biological factors involved in the regulation of food intake and energy balance which may help shape long - term physiological processes responsible for maintaining energy balance (19).
Membership in a single - parent family or stepfamily is associated with increased levels of significant behavioral, emotional, and academic problems in children.1, 2 The mechanisms underlying this connection are likely to
involve, among
other factors, financial adversity, increased stress directly related to family transitions, and increased exposure to additional psychosocial risks.3, 4 Compared with the extensive research base connecting family type (ie, membership in a 2 - parent
biological family, stepfamily, or single - parent family) and children's psychological adjustment, little is known about the physical health consequences of membership in diverse family types.