Sentences with phrase «other cell surface proteins»

Not exact matches

In research that has implications for diabetes and other metabolic diseases, an international study based at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that the protein connexin 43 (Cx43) forms cell - to - cell communication channels on the surface of emerging beige fat cells that amplify the signals from those few nerve fibers.

King hypothesizes that proteins that the single - celled ancestors of animals used to interact with the extracellular environment — to capture bacterial prey by binding to their cell surface and to detect chemical signals — were later repurposed to enable cells to stick to and talk to each other.

These proteins latch onto their receptor on the surfaces of neighboring cells and kick - start the production of hundreds of other antiviral proteins.

In other patients, mutant CFTR proteins that do transit to the cell surface don't function properly.

Some would simply crank their telomerase activity up even further; some would enhance the activity of drug - metabolizing enzymes that degrade the inhibitor; still others would change their cell surface proteins in ways that would make it harder for the drug to penetrate into the cell.

The engineered protein has two ends: one activates T cells by binding to a surface molecule called the CD3 receptor, and the other — based on an antibody called VRC07 — powerfully binds to more than 90 percent of HIV strains.

«The NILR1 is the genetic code for a receptor protein that is localized to the surface of plant cells and is able to bind and recognize other molecules,» says Prof. Florian Grundler, chair at the Department of Molecular Phytomedicine at the University of Bonn.

Most resistance genes, in wheat and other plants, code for protein receptors located inside cells; the Stb6 gene codes for a receptor protein on the cell's surface.

Like many other fungi, Baker's yeast has mating receptors, proteins on its cell surface that detect pheromones released by potential partners.

Electron microscopy of the inner and outer surfaces of bacterial cells gives some clues, and crystallography — a process that involves stacking purified proteins into crystals so that their three - dimensional characteristics can be measured — provides others.

These molecules function by shuttling broken - down proteins called peptides from inside the cell to the surface, where other immune cells inspect them to see whether they are invaders.

Traditional methods for sorting cells rely on fluorescent molecular tags, designed to stick to the surface proteins present on certain types of cells but not on others.

If you imagine the female egg cell (and later, the fertilized egg) as a spherical planet with its own intrinsic biological geography, then certain characteristics of that cell — the location of protein molecules or RNA messages or biochemical traits like pH or even the internal connective structures called microtubules — will be more prominent in certain regions, like one hemisphere as opposed to the other, or near the surface rather than near the core.

Blocking a protein found on the surface of ovarian cancer cells could prevent or reduce the spread of the disease to other organs, according to new research at the University of Illinois at Chicago.

For example, Dr. Shiloh said, preventing Mtb from attaching to receptors on the M - cell surface — such as by vaccinating against a bacterial protein — could block the bacteria's entry, infection, and spread to other organs.

Additional experiments, including gene knockdown, surfaced prohibitin as a likely infection aide; prohibitin is a multi-functional protein found in human cells and in many other organisms.

The proteins work together to form a complex on the cell's surface that prevents other vaccinia virus particles from entering (a process called superinfection).

Timothy Springer, with colleagues Michael L. Dustin and Charles A. Dinarello, identifies and characterizes adhesion molecules, a class of cell surface proteins that function in the interactions of immune cells with other cells, including antigen - specific recognition and cell trafficking: integrin LFA - 1 involved in cytoskeleton and signaling, and intracellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs), which are binding partners (ligands) for LFA - 1 and are increased in inflammatory and autoimmune disease.

Miller said that other proteins anchored to the cell surface in a similar fashion are known to play roles in cell proliferation, suggesting a possible mechanism for how HYAL2 might be involved in tumor formation.

The approach developed by the MGH team starts with the engineered protein, which in this case fuses an antibody fragment targeting a protein called mesothelin — expressed on the surface of such tumors as mesothelioma, ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer — to a protein from the tuberculosis bacteria that stimulates the activity of dendritic and other immune cells.

Cytoadhesion of P. falciparum in the brain leads to a large number of deaths each year and is a consequence of exported parasite proteins, some of which modify the erythrocyte cytoskeleton while others such as PfEMP1 project onto the erythrocyte surface where they bind to endothelial cells.