Sentences with phrase «other cells of the immune system»

Her research focuses on understanding how signaling pathways control gene expression, using T cells and other cells of the immune system as models.

These therapies use non-specific molecules that do not affect the cancer directly, but send signals that stimulate other cells of the immune system to fight against cancer cells.

T cells also provide signals that activate other cells of the immune system.

Helper cells work with the other cells of the immune system to orchestrate and carry out appropriate immune responses.

The binding of antibodies can render key components of a microbe necessary for invasion or even survival ineffective or in some cases signal other cells of the immune system called macrophages to consume and remove the microbe.

Not exact matches

«As a result, the immune system of one twin has cells that were generated in the other twin and vice versa,» says study co-author Thierry Mora.

The 2016 People's Choice Award went to Emmanuelle Alaluf of the Free University of Brussels, for her video using ballet and other dance styles to show how tumor cells evade the immune system.

And a new analysis of the STEP trial, published last November in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, provides a warning that the very vectors (adenoviruses, which are also employed in other vaccine development work) used to distribute the inactive HIV strains can actually make the immune system more vulnerable to infection by recruiting susceptible T cells to mucous membranes, where they are more likely to be infected during sexual activity.

Thomas speculated that as many as 10 percent of T cell receptors are outliers that help the immune system recognize and rapidly respond to mutations that might otherwise help virus - infected cells and other threats delay detection.

The immune system depends on molecules called T cell receptors on the surface of T cells to recognize and respond to foreign antigens from virus - infected cells, tumors and other threats.

The researchers showed that the synapse - eating process requires a protein in the complement system — a part of the immune response that helps «tag» unwanted cells and other debris for destruction.

«Our study reveals a new mechanism that could be harnessed for biological therapies for lupus and other autoimmune diseases, where the immune system mistakenly targets the body's own cells,» says senior study author Boris Reizis, PhD, professor of Pathology and Medicine at NYU Langone.

Although some cancers — particularly those that are rife with mutations like lung cancer or melanoma — create more tangible targets on the surface of cells for the immune system to recognize and attack, other malignancies such as prostate and pancreatic cancers have proved more intransigent.

The viruses also exploit an enzyme that cells use to destroy RNA to instead produce short stretches of RNA that, among other things, may help the virus avoid the immune system of its host.

T cells, along with B cells and others, comprise the adaptive arm of the immune system, the body's second line of defense which quickly attacks and «remembers» specific pathogens.

Antibodies are the sentries of the immune system, patrolling the body for invaders but leaving the actual killing to other immune cells.

Scientists have focused instead on the other branch of the immune system which marshals an army of specialised cells, such as killer T cells, against invaders.

From the start of life, an individual's immune system learns to distinguish self — that is, native cells — from other, potentially pathogenic cells.

When a T cell detects one, it morphs into a fighting machine, zapping invaders with lethal chemicals, multiplying into an army of identical killers or signaling other immune - system troops to join the attack.

Then there's the West Palm Beach symposium, held to recruit participants for a study testing what happens when aging people get infusions of plasma (the fluid part of blood packed with signaling proteins and other molecules but no red or white cells) from young people who've taken a drug meant to activate their immune system.

And a new analysis of the stopped STEP trial, published online Monday in Proceedings in the National Academy of Sciences, provides a warning that the very vectors (adenoviruses, which are also employed in other vaccine development) used to distribute the inactive HIV strains can actually prime the immune system to be infected by recruiting susceptible T cells to mucous membranes, where they are more likely to be infected during sexual activity.

Monitoring immune cell activity — including phenotyping immune cell subsets, tracking cell proliferation, and measuring cytokine production — can provide insights into the overall status of immune function in patients, particularly those undergoing immunosuppression after transplants, enduring cancer treatment, or suffering from autoimmune disease or other pathologies that affect the immune system.

It also interferes with CD8 T cells ability to produce cytokines, chemical messengers that recruit other arms of the immune system.

Because the antigens were the only possible source of TB exposure, Dr. Srivastava says, antigen transfer from infected dendritic cells had to be the avenue for their absorption by other immune system cells in the lymph nodes.

The trouble is that the virus targets not only the lymphocyte cells, which include T cells — a key component of the body's immune system helping to fight diseases — but also other immune system cells.

Cells called neutrophils, which are considered the immune system's «first line of defense» because they react strongly to foreign invaders that enter the skin through a cut or other injury, were also surprisingly important.

Created with other blood cells in the bone marrow, they interfere with activation and proliferation of T cells, the immune system's attack cells.

While animals have a wide variety of immune cells and in some cases an interconnected immune system plants must rely on other methods to fight infection.

These cells are now thought to serve as the immune system's principal sentinels in the skin — when they detect damage signals from nearby wounded skin cells, they summon other, non-skin-resident immune cells to the site of the wound.

In a matter of weeks, the single stem cell repopulated the mouse's blood and immune system but did not create other types of cells.

Many different cells are involved in the complex processes: skin cells (keratinocytes) and cells of the immune system, among others T lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells and others.

In additional experiments, the scientists found that participants who had significant antibody responses did not necessarily also have significant immune system T cell responses to avian viruses, indicating that these two arms of immunity can be independently boosted after vaccination or infection; that individuals who reported receiving seasonal influenza vaccination had significantly higher antibodies to the avian H4, H5, H6, and H8 subtypes; and that participants with exposure to poultry had significantly higher antibody responses to the H7 subtype, but to none of the other subtypes tested.

«This technique could be applied to other cell types of the immune system — anywhere the receptors on the membrane are renewed often,» says Griessinger.

Regulatory T cells (or «Tregs» for short) play a central role in the human immune system: They guide all of the other immune cells and make sure they are tolerant of the body's own cells and harmless foreign substances.

Phagocytes, or «eater cells,» engulf and digest other cells, and often display fragments of their prey to other elements of the immune system to prompt a broader immune response.

Loss of the PBRM1 gene function caused the cancer cells to have increased expression of other genes, including gene pathway known as IL6 / JAK - STAT 3, which are involved in immune system stimulation.

Because of the work of several other collaborators, Haughey says, his team knew that some sort of inflammation - promoting molecule was released from brain and targeted to the liver after brain injury to send immune system cells to the damaged area, but the identity of this go - between had been elusive for years.

The other end, known as the constant region, binds to receptors on the surface of cells that can direct the immune system to respond in a variety of ways, all in the hopes of eliminating the target on the variable end of the antibody.

Consistent with other studies, they found that as early as 13 weeks of development, the fetus was producing a range of immune system cells, including dendritic cells, which recognize invaders and signal other immune cells to attack.

Shortly after infection, HIV levels skyrocket, but then the immune system and other antiviral factors produced by cells drive down the amount of virus in the blood — the so - called viral load — and establish a «set point.»

Researchers from immune biology professor Annette Oxenius's group have now discovered what keeps NK cells from killing off their «colleagues from the other department» of the immune system: healthy CD8 + cells are able to detect the immune messenger substance type 1 interferon, which binds to specific receptors on the surface of these immune cells and thereby conceals their stress.

Other research at U-M is developing new options for treating brain cancer through immunotherapy — harnessing the immune system to attack cancer cells once an injection of a particular gene therapy is delivered into the brain tumor.

«Cytokines provide the intercellular communication links between the immune system and other tissues and organs... Thus, the study of cytokines has helped to propel immunology from the limited areas of immunological specificity to larger concerns of the cell biology, biochemical, molecular, and clinical aspects of host defense.»

For instance, the team uncovered a new type of chemical - sensing tuft cell (which helps alert the immune system to infection or other forms of injury) that displayed markers previously thought to be exclusive to immune cells and which may help sound the alarm about allergens and invading parasites.

They are missing blood vessels, immune cells and functional connections to other areas of the nervous system,» Jürgen Knoblich, a molecular biologist at the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology in Vienna who was not involved in the study, tells The Scientist by email.

It turns out that rituximab can also work for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune conditions in which overactive B cells in the immune system contribute to the inflammation and degradation of healthy tissue.

Because of the man's compromised immune system, the tapeworms multiplied rapidly inside his gastrointestinal tract and the cells invaded other parts of his body.

This novel approach, which reveals complex interactions between cells and proteins, can also be used for other diseases to generate new knowledge about the regulation and dysregulation of the immune system, which can eventually give rise to new, improved immunological therapies.

Other gene variants associated with the function of T - cells, an immune system workhorse, would later come to light.

Each year, thousands of healthy individuals donate their stem cells / immune cells through national and international marrow / stem cell donor organizations to help others who suffer with cancer and other disorders of the blood and immune system.