A variety of sources exist for determining global and regional GHG and
other climate forcing agent trends.
Not exact matches
In common with
other studies of inequity in
climate change32, we used terminology from the economics literature to define «free riders» and «
forced riders» 33, recognising that a strict definition of these terms often applies only to situations where one
agent's use of a resource does not directly incur a cost to another
agent.
Spectral radiance emitted to space consistent with Tyndall gas concentrations (confirms ability to calculate radiative
forcing); magnitude of Tyndall gas radiative
forcing larger than that of all
other known
forcing agents; observed temperature changes similar in magnitude to those estimated from
forcings (confirms ballpark estimates of
climate sensitivity); observed pattern of temperature changes match Tyndall gas pattern better than that of all
other known
forcing agents.
Results: Spectral radiance emitted to space consistent with Tyndall gas concentrations (confirms ability to calculate radiative
forcing); magnitude of Tyndall gas radiative
forcing larger than that of all
other known
forcing agents; observed temperature changes similar in magnitude to those estimated from
forcings (confirms ballpark estimates of
climate sensitivity); observed pattern of temperature changes match Tyndall gas pattern better than that of all
other known
forcing agents.
In my articles to date I have been unwilling to claim anything as grand as the creation of a new model of
climate because until now I was unable to propose any solar mechanism that could result directly in global albedo changes without some
other forcing agent or that could account for a direct solar cause of discontinuities in the temperature profile along the horizontal line of the oceanic thermohaline circulation.
Hansen 2005 concluded that, at least for
climate forcing agents over the historical period, Fs was a good measure of the effective
forcing (the product of a
forcing, however defined, and the efficacy taken relative thereto), notwithstanding that some
forcings had different spatial distributions from
others.