The measurement method using the harmonic interferometer that we have developed does not depend upon gas composition used when plasma is produced, as compared to
other electron density diagnostic methods for atmospheric pressure low - temperature plasma.
Not exact matches
The rate of
electrons passing through the tip - in
other words, the current - is a measure of the
density of
electrons in the tiny region of the sample directly below it.
Unlike the
other electrons in the material, which move about freely, the
density wave is a periodic, fixed
electron phase that seems to compete with and hinder the superconducting phase.
On the
other hand, in magnetic field confinement fusion plasma intended for a fusion reactor, which research is being conducted at the National Institute for Fusion Science, development of high precision
electron density measurements is becoming an important research topic.
To restore the
density, the
other electrons would rearrange themselves and the net result would be a Luttinger liquid in which the
electrons would appear to be connected.
In the large negative hydrogen ion source at NIFS, various types of diagnostics are available for measuring negative hydrogen ion
density,
electron density, and
other quantities.
The combination of the high
electron density and potent
electron interactions are not seen in
other materials and the quantum regime enforced by the tight passageway, might here be engendering some new kind of
electron transport.
At medium voltage and
density, some quantum tunneling proceeds; that is, some
electron - pairs can leap to the
other size.
The instruments measure atmospheric
densities and temperatures for both the electrically neutral (e.g., carbon dioxide, CO2, atomic oxygen, O, atomic hydrogen, H, and
other species) and the electrically charged constituents (that is, ions such as CO2 + and O2 +, and
electrons).