After a prolonged legal battle, USPTO in February ruled that it wasn't obvious that UC's discovery would work in human and
other eukaryotic cells, giving the Broad a distinct patent advantage.
Not exact matches
AS A species made up of
eukaryotic cells complete with mitochondria, nuclei and
other complex structures, it's easy for us Homo sapiens to look down on the far simpler prokaryotes, the
cells of which lack such structures.
Other features in
eukaryotic cells — for instance, the cytoskeleton — may also be of bacterial descent, but so far the molecular record has not yielded unambiguous clues as to their origin.
In fact, there's reason to believe that all of the properties of
cell biology that made complex life possible in the next geologic era were put in place here: cytoskeletons that allow
eukaryotic cells to change shape, and
cell polarity that allows
cells to send a molecular message to one side of the
cell but not the
other, and to interact with nearby
cells.
In previous studies, the same group along with
others had demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) produced by
eukaryotic cells and viruses are present in human blood in highly stable,
cell - free forms and these so called circulating miRNAs can serve as non-invasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of various diseases, including viral diseases.
In last week's filing, attorneys for the Broad Institute asked patent officials to remove two of its issued patents that focus on saCas9 from the original case, as well as two
other patents (and a few affiliated claims in
other patents) that describe techniques for enabling the CRISPR - Cas9 construct to target the nucleus of a
eukaryotic cell.
This and
other eukaryotic mysteries may resolve more easily as geneticists refine a technique for deciphering DNA from one individual
cell.
However, even though the Lokiarchaea are relatively complex compared with
other known archaea, they lack the large genome and energy - producing mitochondria of true
eukaryotic cells.
Other eukaryotic organelles may have also evolved through endosymbiosis; it has been proposed that cilia, flagella, centrioles, and microtubules may have originated from a symbiosis between a Spirochaete bacterium and an early
eukaryotic cell, but this is not yet broadly accepted among biologists.
(All multi-
cell organisms are made of
eukaryotic cells; the
other type of
cell, prokaryotic, is found in single -
cell organisms.)
Most
eukaryotic cells also contain
other membrane - bound organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts and the Golgi apparatus.
With all of the
other recent findings, I predict that this is the norm in all
eukaryotic cell genetic machinery.
His work has contributed to the emerging consensus that the endosymbiotic theory is correct; this idea proposes that mitochondria, chloroplasts, and perhaps
other organelles of
eukaryotic cells originated as prokaryote endosymbionts, which came to live inside
eukaryotic cells.