The results are also being compared with findings from
other fault zones, such as the San Andreas Fault in California, to better understand the physical processes before an earthquake.
J. Casey Moore, a research professor of Earth sciences at UCSC and coauthor of the Chester et al. paper, said he suspects the clay layer observed in the Tohoku fault zone may play an important role in
other fault zones.
Not exact matches
The findings could apply to
other faults with similarly thick sediment, such as the Cascadia Subduction
Zone in the Pacific Northwest, suggests study coauthor Andre Hüpers, a geophysicist at the University of Bremen in Germany.
In that case, when the next earthquake comes, the
fault zone is ready with clays and
other phases that can break down, and the process repeats itself.»
As shallow earthquakes start, the temperature rises locally until it is hot enough to start a chemical reaction — usually the breakdown of clays or carbonates or
other hydrous phases in the
fault zone.
The researchers also found that the
fault zone was less than 5 metres thick, tens of times thinner than at
other subduction
zones, facilitating the slip (Science, doi.org/qdn).
When Ekström and colleague Colin Stark analyzed the seismic data associated with those major landslides, they realized that certain characteristics of the slumps were contained in the ground motions — similar to the way that researchers can use seismic data to estimate the size of a quake and the directions at which the two sides of a
fault zone slipped past each
other.
Given Dot Earth's long focus on the risk to schools in Oregon from the Cascadia Subduction
Zone and
other earthquake
faults, I thought you would like to know we are making progress.
To improve seismic hazard assessment along subduction
zones as well as
other dangerous
faults such as continental transforms, we need a set of open software tools to explore alternatives, we need a trans - national dialogue to discuss and vet our different ideas and approaches, and we need to conduct prospective tests of global models that are based on these various national strategies.
Another one in New Zealand is located on a major
fault zone with numerous submarine volcanoes and is on the trade winds for
other volcanic activity.
Finally, one that before the Fukushima fiasco might have been thought obvious; no plants should be built on major
fault zones, on tsunami - prone coasts, on eroding seashores or those likely to be inundated before the plant has been decommissioned or any
other places which are geologically unsafe.