Sentences with phrase «other high risk factors»

If you are finding it difficult to obtain insurance because of your driving record or other high risk factors, you are guaranteed certain coverages through the Vermont Automobile Insurance Plan, also known as the assigned risk plan.
If you have no other high risk factors, then you should enjoy relatively low premiums.
the older you are with obesity and other high risk factors the greater your chances for that heart attack or worse a stroke that will possibly turn you into what you should have been eating... a vegetable....

Not exact matches

Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in such forward - looking statements and that should be considered in evaluating our outlook include, but are not limited to, the following: 1) our ability to continue to grow our business and execute our growth strategy, including the timing, execution, and profitability of new and maturing programs; 2) our ability to perform our obligations under our new and maturing commercial, business aircraft, and military development programs, and the related recurring production; 3) our ability to accurately estimate and manage performance, cost, and revenue under our contracts, including our ability to achieve certain cost reductions with respect to the B787 program; 4) margin pressures and the potential for additional forward losses on new and maturing programs; 5) our ability to accommodate, and the cost of accommodating, announced increases in the build rates of certain aircraft; 6) the effect on aircraft demand and build rates of changing customer preferences for business aircraft, including the effect of global economic conditions on the business aircraft market and expanding conflicts or political unrest in the Middle East or Asia; 7) customer cancellations or deferrals as a result of global economic uncertainty or otherwise; 8) the effect of economic conditions in the industries and markets in which we operate in the U.S. and globally and any changes therein, including fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates; 9) the success and timely execution of key milestones such as the receipt of necessary regulatory approvals, including our ability to obtain in a timely fashion any required regulatory or other third party approvals for the consummation of our announced acquisition of Asco, and customer adherence to their announced schedules; 10) our ability to successfully negotiate, or re-negotiate, future pricing under our supply agreements with Boeing and our other customers; 11) our ability to enter into profitable supply arrangements with additional customers; 12) the ability of all parties to satisfy their performance requirements under existing supply contracts with our two major customers, Boeing and Airbus, and other customers, and the risk of nonpayment by such customers; 13) any adverse impact on Boeing's and Airbus» production of aircraft resulting from cancellations, deferrals, or reduced orders by their customers or from labor disputes, domestic or international hostilities, or acts of terrorism; 14) any adverse impact on the demand for air travel or our operations from the outbreak of diseases or epidemic or pandemic outbreaks; 15) our ability to avoid or recover from cyber-based or other security attacks, information technology failures, or other disruptions; 16) returns on pension plan assets and the impact of future discount rate changes on pension obligations; 17) our ability to borrow additional funds or refinance debt, including our ability to obtain the debt to finance the purchase price for our announced acquisition of Asco on favorable terms or at all; 18) competition from commercial aerospace original equipment manufacturers and other aerostructures suppliers; 19) the effect of governmental laws, such as U.S. export control laws and U.S. and foreign anti-bribery laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the United Kingdom Bribery Act, and environmental laws and agency regulations, both in the U.S. and abroad; 20) the effect of changes in tax law, such as the effect of The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the «TCJA») that was enacted on December 22, 2017, and changes to the interpretations of or guidance related thereto, and the Company's ability to accurately calculate and estimate the effect of such changes; 21) any reduction in our credit ratings; 22) our dependence on our suppliers, as well as the cost and availability of raw materials and purchased components; 23) our ability to recruit and retain a critical mass of highly - skilled employees and our relationships with the unions representing many of our employees; 24) spending by the U.S. and other governments on defense; 25) the possibility that our cash flows and our credit facility may not be adequate for our additional capital needs or for payment of interest on, and principal of, our indebtedness; 26) our exposure under our revolving credit facility to higher interest payments should interest rates increase substantially; 27) the effectiveness of any interest rate hedging programs; 28) the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting; 29) the outcome or impact of ongoing or future litigation, claims, and regulatory actions; 30) exposure to potential product liability and warranty claims; 31) our ability to effectively assess, manage and integrate acquisitions that we pursue, including our ability to successfully integrate the Asco business and generate synergies and other cost savings; 32) our ability to consummate our announced acquisition of Asco in a timely matter while avoiding any unexpected costs, charges, expenses, adverse changes to business relationships and other business disruptions for ourselves and Asco as a result of the acquisition; 33) our ability to continue selling certain receivables through our supplier financing program; 34) the risks of doing business internationally, including fluctuations in foreign current exchange rates, impositions of tariffs or embargoes, compliance with foreign laws, and domestic and foreign government policies; and 35) our ability to complete the proposed accelerated stock repurchase plan, among other things.
Actual results, including with respect to our targets and prospects, could differ materially due to a number of factors, including the risk that we may not obtain sufficient orders to achieve our targeted revenues; price competition in key markets; the risk that we or our channel partners are not able to develop and expand customer bases and accurately anticipate demand from end customers, which can result in increased inventory and reduced orders as we experience wide fluctuations in supply and demand; the risk that our commercial Lighting Products results will continue to suffer if new issues arise regarding issues related to product quality for this business; the risk that we may experience production difficulties that preclude us from shipping sufficient quantities to meet customer orders or that result in higher production costs and lower margins; our ability to lower costs; the risk that our results will suffer if we are unable to balance fluctuations in customer demand and capacity, including bringing on additional capacity on a timely basis to meet customer demand; the risk that longer manufacturing lead times may cause customers to fulfill their orders with a competitor's products instead; the risk that the economic and political uncertainty caused by the proposed tariffs by the United States on Chinese goods, and any corresponding Chinese tariffs in response, may negatively impact demand for our products; product mix; risks associated with the ramp - up of production of our new products, and our entry into new business channels different from those in which we have historically operated; the risk that customers do not maintain their favorable perception of our brand and products, resulting in lower demand for our products; the risk that our products fail to perform or fail to meet customer requirements or expectations, resulting in significant additional costs, including costs associated with warranty returns or the potential recall of our products; ongoing uncertainty in global economic conditions, infrastructure development or customer demand that could negatively affect product demand, collectability of receivables and other related matters as consumers and businesses may defer purchases or payments, or default on payments; risks resulting from the concentration of our business among few customers, including the risk that customers may reduce or cancel orders or fail to honor purchase commitments; the risk that we are not able to enter into acceptable contractual arrangements with the significant customers of the acquired Infineon RF Power business or otherwise not fully realize anticipated benefits of the transaction; the risk that retail customers may alter promotional pricing, increase promotion of a competitor's products over our products or reduce their inventory levels, all of which could negatively affect product demand; the risk that our investments may experience periods of significant stock price volatility causing us to recognize fair value losses on our investment; the risk posed by managing an increasingly complex supply chain that has the ability to supply a sufficient quantity of raw materials, subsystems and finished products with the required specifications and quality; the risk we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings if our goodwill or amortizable assets become impaired; risks relating to confidential information theft or misuse, including through cyber-attacks or cyber intrusion; our ability to complete development and commercialization of products under development, such as our pipeline of Wolfspeed products, improved LED chips, LED components, and LED lighting products risks related to our multi-year warranty periods for LED lighting products; risks associated with acquisitions, divestitures, joint ventures or investments generally; the rapid development of new technology and competing products that may impair demand or render our products obsolete; the potential lack of customer acceptance for our products; risks associated with ongoing litigation; and other factors discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), including our report on Form 10 - K for the fiscal year ended June 25, 2017, and subsequent reports filed with the SEC.
Factors that could cause actual results to differ include general business and economic conditions and the state of the solar industry; governmental support for the deployment of solar power; future available supplies of high - purity silicon; demand for end - use products by consumers and inventory levels of such products in the supply chain; changes in demand from significant customers; changes in demand from major markets such as Japan, the U.S., India and China; changes in customer order patterns; changes in product mix; capacity utilization; level of competition; pricing pressure and declines in average selling prices; delays in new product introduction; delays in utility - scale project approval process; delays in utility - scale project construction; delays in the completion of project sales; continued success in technological innovations and delivery of products with the features customers demand; shortage in supply of materials or capacity requirements; availability of financing; exchange rate fluctuations; litigation and other risks as described in the Company's SEC filings, including its annual report on Form 20 - F filed on April 27, 2017.
Factors that could cause actual results to differ include general business and economic conditions and the state of the solar industry; governmental support for the deployment of solar power; future available supplies of high - purity silicon; demand for end - use products by consumers and inventory levels of such products in the supply chain; changes in demand from significant customers; changes in demand from major markets such as Japan, the U.S., India and China; changes in customer order patterns; changes in product mix; capacity utilization; level of competition; pricing pressure and declines in average selling prices; delays in new product introduction; delays in utility - scale project approval process; delays in utility - scale project construction; continued success in technological innovations and delivery of products with the features customers demand; shortage in supply of materials or capacity requirements; availability of financing; exchange rate fluctuations; litigation and other risks as described in the Company's SEC filings, including its annual report on Form 20 - F filed on April 20, 2016.
The other two factors we looked at was risk and ease of sale, which this state ranked higher for.
Factors that could cause actual results to differ include general business and economic conditions and the state of the solar industry; governmental support for the deployment of solar power; future available supplies of high - purity silicon; demand for end - use products by consumers and inventory levels of such products in the supply chain; changes in demand from significant customers; changes in demand from major markets such as Japan, the U.S., India and China; changes in customer order patterns; changes in product mix; capacity utilization; level of competition; pricing pressure and declines in average selling prices; delays in new product introduction; delays in utility - scale project approval process; delays in utility - scale project construction; cancelation of utility - scale feed - in - tariff contracts in Japan; continued success in technological innovations and delivery of products with the features customers demand; shortage in supply of materials or capacity requirements; availability of financing; exchange rate fluctuations; litigation and other risks as described in the Company's SEC filings, including its annual report on Form 20 - F filed on April 27, 2017.
Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward - looking statements include, but are not limited to: changes in consumer discretionary spending; our eCommerce platform not producing the anticipated benefits within the expected time - frame or at all; the streamlining of the Company's vendor base and execution of the Company's new merchandising strategy not producing the anticipated benefits within the expected time - frame or at all; the amount that we invest in strategic transactions and the timing and success of those investments; the integration of strategic acquisitions being more difficult, time - consuming, or costly than expected; inventory turn; changes in the competitive market and competition amongst retailers; changes in consumer demand or shopping patterns and our ability to identify new trends and have the right trending products in our stores and on our website; changes in existing tax, labor and other laws and regulations, including those changing tax rates and imposing new taxes and surcharges; limitations on the availability of attractive retail store sites; omni - channel growth; unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential customer information; risks relating to our private brand offerings and new retail concepts; disruptions with our eCommerce platform, including issues caused by high volumes of users or transactions, or our information systems; factors affecting our vendors, including supply chain and currency risks; talent needs and the loss of Edward W. Stack, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; developments with sports leagues, professional athletes or sports superstars; weather - related disruptions and seasonality of our business; and risks associated with being a controlled cFactors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward - looking statements include, but are not limited to: changes in consumer discretionary spending; our eCommerce platform not producing the anticipated benefits within the expected time - frame or at all; the streamlining of the Company's vendor base and execution of the Company's new merchandising strategy not producing the anticipated benefits within the expected time - frame or at all; the amount that we invest in strategic transactions and the timing and success of those investments; the integration of strategic acquisitions being more difficult, time - consuming, or costly than expected; inventory turn; changes in the competitive market and competition amongst retailers; changes in consumer demand or shopping patterns and our ability to identify new trends and have the right trending products in our stores and on our website; changes in existing tax, labor and other laws and regulations, including those changing tax rates and imposing new taxes and surcharges; limitations on the availability of attractive retail store sites; omni - channel growth; unauthorized disclosure of sensitive or confidential customer information; risks relating to our private brand offerings and new retail concepts; disruptions with our eCommerce platform, including issues caused by high volumes of users or transactions, or our information systems; factors affecting our vendors, including supply chain and currency risks; talent needs and the loss of Edward W. Stack, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; developments with sports leagues, professional athletes or sports superstars; weather - related disruptions and seasonality of our business; and risks associated with being a controlled cfactors affecting our vendors, including supply chain and currency risks; talent needs and the loss of Edward W. Stack, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; developments with sports leagues, professional athletes or sports superstars; weather - related disruptions and seasonality of our business; and risks associated with being a controlled company.
Interest rate risk Although high yield bonds have relatively low levels of interest rate risk for a given duration or maturity compared to other bond types, this risk can nevertheless be a factor.
These risks and uncertainties include food safety and food - borne illness concerns; litigation; unfavorable publicity; federal, state and local regulation of our business including health care reform, labor and insurance costs; technology failures; failure to execute a business continuity plan following a disaster; health concerns including virus outbreaks; the intensely competitive nature of the restaurant industry; factors impacting our ability to drive sales growth; the impact of indebtedness we incurred in the RARE acquisition; our plans to expand our newer brands like Bahama Breeze and Seasons 52; our ability to successfully integrate Eddie V's restaurant operations; a lack of suitable new restaurant locations; higher - than - anticipated costs to open, close or remodel restaurants; increased advertising and marketing costs; a failure to develop and recruit effective leaders; the price and availability of key food products and utilities; shortages or interruptions in the delivery of food and other products; volatility in the market value of derivatives; general macroeconomic factors, including unemployment and interest rates; disruptions in the financial markets; risk of doing business with franchisees and vendors in foreign markets; failure to protect our service marks or other intellectual property; a possible impairment in the carrying value of our goodwill or other intangible assets; a failure of our internal controls over financial reporting or changes in accounting standards; and other factors and uncertainties discussed from time to time in reports filed by Darden with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
As usual, I don't place too much emphasis on this sort of forecast, but to the extent that I make any comments at all about the outlook for 2006, the bottom line is this: 1) we can't rule out modest potential for stock appreciation, which would require the maintenance or expansion of already high price / peak earnings multiples; 2) we also should recognize an uncomfortably large potential for market losses, particularly given that the current bull market has now outlived the median and average bull, yet at higher valuations than most bulls have achieved, a flat yield curve with rising interest rate pressures, an extended period of internal divergence as measured by breadth and other market action, and complacency at best and excessive bullishness at worst, as measured by various sentiment indicators; 3) there is a moderate but still not compelling risk of an oncoming recession, which would become more of a factor if we observe a substantial widening of credit spreads and weakness in the ISM Purchasing Managers Index in the months ahead, and; 4) there remains substantial potential for U.S. dollar weakness coupled with «unexpectedly» persistent inflation pressures, particularly if we do observe economic weakness.
This is due to, among other factors, the potential high risk and volatility of virtual currency products and the fact that virtual currency remains an experimental concept that is not presently regulated or backed by any central bank worldwide and has no tangible intrinsic value.
Risk factors include: 1) age (most people are diagnosed in their 20s - 30s), 2) race or ethnicity (Caucasians have the highest risk, but IBD can occur in any race; there's an even higher risk if you are of Ashkenazi Jewish descent), 3) family history (risk is higher if a close relative has the disease), 4) cigarette smoking (the most important controllable risk factor for developing CD), 5) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (includes ibuprofen [Advil, Motrin IB, others], naproxen sodium [Aleve], diclofenac sodium [Voltaren], and others), and 6) where you live (you are more likely to develop IBD if you live in an industrialized countRisk factors include: 1) age (most people are diagnosed in their 20s - 30s), 2) race or ethnicity (Caucasians have the highest risk, but IBD can occur in any race; there's an even higher risk if you are of Ashkenazi Jewish descent), 3) family history (risk is higher if a close relative has the disease), 4) cigarette smoking (the most important controllable risk factor for developing CD), 5) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (includes ibuprofen [Advil, Motrin IB, others], naproxen sodium [Aleve], diclofenac sodium [Voltaren], and others), and 6) where you live (you are more likely to develop IBD if you live in an industrialized countrisk, but IBD can occur in any race; there's an even higher risk if you are of Ashkenazi Jewish descent), 3) family history (risk is higher if a close relative has the disease), 4) cigarette smoking (the most important controllable risk factor for developing CD), 5) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (includes ibuprofen [Advil, Motrin IB, others], naproxen sodium [Aleve], diclofenac sodium [Voltaren], and others), and 6) where you live (you are more likely to develop IBD if you live in an industrialized countrisk if you are of Ashkenazi Jewish descent), 3) family history (risk is higher if a close relative has the disease), 4) cigarette smoking (the most important controllable risk factor for developing CD), 5) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (includes ibuprofen [Advil, Motrin IB, others], naproxen sodium [Aleve], diclofenac sodium [Voltaren], and others), and 6) where you live (you are more likely to develop IBD if you live in an industrialized countrisk is higher if a close relative has the disease), 4) cigarette smoking (the most important controllable risk factor for developing CD), 5) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (includes ibuprofen [Advil, Motrin IB, others], naproxen sodium [Aleve], diclofenac sodium [Voltaren], and others), and 6) where you live (you are more likely to develop IBD if you live in an industrialized countrisk factor for developing CD), 5) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (includes ibuprofen [Advil, Motrin IB, others], naproxen sodium [Aleve], diclofenac sodium [Voltaren], and others), and 6) where you live (you are more likely to develop IBD if you live in an industrialized country).
In the end, it all comes back to education: In the ideal world, a parent's decision about whether to allow a child to start playing or continue playing collision sports before high school under current rules of play (which are evolving in the direction of safety, fortunately, as seen, for instance, in USA Hockey's ban on body checking at the Pee Wee hockey level and below, and limits on full - contact practices instituted at every level of football, from Pop Warner, to high school, college, and the NFL), will be a conscious one; a decision in which the risks of participating in a particular sport - provided it is based on the most up - to - date information about those risks and a consideration of other risk factors that might come into play for their child, such as pre-existing learning disabilities (e.g. ADHD), chronic health conditions (e.g., a history of history of multiple concussions or seizures, history of migraines), or a reckless and overly aggressive style of play - are balanced against the benefits to the child of participating.
Having other risk factors in addition like smoking / high blood pressure / inactivity increases risk more.
Babies left to sleep on their stomachs while on very soft bedding areas are said to be at the highest risk of SIDS of all.Various other external factors also come into play, including whether or not the parents of the baby smoke, if the baby was delivered prematurely and whether or not immediate post-natal care was sufficient, all of which can influence SIDS risk.
As we continue to identify risk factors for lactation insufficiency (variations in infant oral anatomy, hypoplastic breast appearance or insufficient glandular development, high pre-pregnant body mass index, insulin resistance, other hormonal irregularities), it is extremely important that mothers, whether they believe they are «at risk» or not, identify appropriate breastfeeding support before their babies are born.
There has been concern raised about a resurgence of vitamin D deficiency and rickets among infants and children, with reports emerging in the United States from Alaska, 1,2 Iowa, 3 Nevada, 4 California, 5 North Carolina, 6 Texas, 7 and mother - infant pairs in Boston, 8 among others.9 The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in young children also appears to be high in other countries, including England, 10 Greece, 11 and Canada.12, 13 One study from China found a 65.3 % prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among 12 - to 24 - month - olds, but few cases (3.7 %) of radiographic or clinical rickets were noted.14 Previous studies suggest risk factors to be dark skin pigmentation1,3 - 12 and breastfeeding without supplementation.1 - 7, 9,12,13 To date, reports have focused primarily on young infants compared with toddlers.
Other risk factors to increase the risk of third and fourth degree tearing at second birth include; high birth weight, forceps delivery and the presence of shoulder dystocia.
In other words, an emotionally close father - child relationship not only serves as a significant protective factor against high risk behaviors, but it is also a potential source of health for the entire family.
Other risk factors include having had gestational diabetes with a previous pregnancy, having a large baby in a previous pregnancy and having consistent high glucose levels prior to pregnancy (usually considered pre-diabetic).
This (and the lack of other factors) lead to the baby being at higher risk of illness and infection.
There is clear evidence that the risk of SIDS is associated with the amount of clothing or blankets on an infant and the room temperature.182, 218,294,295 Infants who sleep in the prone position have a higher risk of overheating than do supine sleeping infants.182 It is unclear whether the relationship to overheating is an independent factor or merely a reflection of the increased risk of SIDS and suffocation with blankets and other potentially asphyxiating objects in the sleeping environment.
According to officials at the state Department of Corrections and Community Supervision, he is held in a unit set aside for inmates who because of their high public profile or other factors might be at increased risk of extortion or violence.
Another will investigate cases with high - risk young children where other risk factors have been identified.
Once researchers adjusted for other factors that could affect dementia risk, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol and smoking, people with high levels of cynical distrust were three times more likely to develop dementia than people with low levels of cynicism.
After adjusting to account for other CRC risk factors, including other dietary components, the researchers narrowed in on high fish and fruit and low soft drinks as the best combo for reduced odds of advanced colorectal polyps.
The results accounted for other factors that could affect the risk of stroke, such as smoking and high cholesterol.
The study included 3,731 obese adults and overweight adults who had at least one other risk factor for heart disease, such as prediabetes, high blood pressure or high cholesterol.
The results were the same after researchers adjusted for other factors that could increase the risk of stroke, such as high cholesterol, diabetes and smoking.
After adjusting for other factors that could affect the risk of dementia, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, depression and alcohol abuse, researchers determined that veterans with TBI were 60 percent more likely to develop dementia than those without TBI.
«Our study sought to discover if there are other risk factors or clues that may help identify the women with preeclampsia who are at the highest risk for pregnancy - related stroke.
Results indicated that after correcting for lung disease as well as other factors that can contribute to ROP risk such as gestational age, there is still a higher risk of ROP in steroid - treated infants than in those infants not treated with steroids.
This difference was independent of other heart disease risk factors including age, gender, family history, education level, body mass index, smoking habits, hypertension, diabetes and high cholesterol, all of which the researchers adjusted for in their analysis.
In a different study Waghmare presented at the recent annual meeting of the American Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation in Orlando, Florida, the researchers teased out a few risk factors that can drive the development of lower respiratory tract infections — namely, high levels of steroid use (commonly given to transplant patients for other complications such as graft - vs.
Although the question can not be answered definitively, other analyses have linked lower dementia risk to better control of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and high cholesterol, and by building up «cognitive reserve» with more education.
Still, Samani notes that CRP can still be very useful for identifying people at high risk for heart disease, particularly those without other risk factors such as high cholesterol.
Her team's next step will be to understand whether certain patients are at higher risk for getting infected with rhinovirus in the first place and to ask if there are other risk factors for pneumonia and other poor outcomes from the infection.
After they statistically accounted for smoking, family history, and other factors known to increase high blood pressure risk, the researchers found that women who adhered to a healthy diet were 20 percent less likely to develop high blood pressure than those who did not.
high blood pressure levels helped identify lifetime risk of smore accurately in both men and women than any other single risk factor.
«However, in women with other stroke risk factors, the risk seems higher and, in most cases, oral contraceptive use should be discouraged,» Drs. Morales and Biller wrote.
high blood pressure alone or a combination of other cardiovascular risk factors was associated with higher lifetime risk of
First, the surgeon or other user enters, into blank data fields, the planned surgical procedure and 19 patient - specific preoperative risk factors, including age, body mass index obtained from height and weight, smoking status, and health conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes.
Individuals who have had mild or transient psychotic symptoms (such as unusual thoughts, suspiciousness, perceptual disturbances) without using substances such as marijuana or alcohol and have a family history of psychosis or other risk factors are considered at clinical high risk for psychotic disorder.
«Although you can not change the genes you are born with, doctors can use this information to start screening for kidney disease earlier and to aggressively treat any other risk factors you may have such as diabetes or high blood pressure,» said Dr. Naik.
«The prevalence and severity of mental health problems seemed to be higher in Fukushima than in other prefectures, and some specific risk factors were reported for the region,» Dr. Ando and colleagues conclude.
The identification of this and other risk factors (such as lower levels of cognitive stimulation and a higher body mass index) may help us to target individuals for screening, intervention and possible treatment.
Individuals in the lowest of the 6 poverty - income ratio categories had more than a 2-fold increased odds of PAD compared with those in the highest poverty - income ratio category, an association that was still significant after accounting for other risk factors.
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z