The work also suggests — based on the sizes of
other impact basins in the Moon, Mars and Mercury — that the early solar system was likely well stocked with protoplanet - sized asteroids.
Not exact matches
Combining these new estimates with the fact that there are even larger
impact basins on the Moon and
other planets, Schultz concludes that protoplanet - sized asteroids may have been common in the early solar system.
Among
other things, GRACE may have found a crater deep under the Antarctic ice that may mark an asteroid
impact greater than the one that doomed the dinosaurs, measured the seafloor displacement that triggered the tsunami of 2004, and quantified changes in subsurface water in the Amazon and Congo river
basins.
«The main difference between my model and
others is that I suggest that the ice cap formed early, when Pluto was still spinning quickly, and that the
basin formed later and not from an
impact,» said Hamilton, who is lead author of the paper.
The kind of asteroid needed to form the Martian dichotomy would fall in between that size and those of the rocks that formed
other large craters, such as the South Pole — Aitken
impact basin on the moon and the Hellas
Basin in Mars's southern hemisphere, both more than 1,30 miles (2,000 kilometers) wide.
Mars, on the
other hand, is thought to have been shaped mostly during the period of primordial accretion and the so - called Late Heavy Bombardment, when asteroids carved out massive
impact basins and pushed up huge volcanoes.
Large
impact basins are also found on
other planets, including Mars and Mercury.
According to the researchers» analysis, these links between
basin - wide indices and local
impacts are stronger for some areas than for
others, indicating that poorly understood local influences (for example, near shore hydrodynamics) should also be expected to have significant
impacts.
Yadvinder Malhi, an ecologist at Oxford specializing in the Amazon, said that nearly all climate models simulating the
impacts of global warming show the area staying wet even as
other parts of the vast
basin get drier.
• What are some
other impacts of climatic variability during the MCA / MWP regarding such topics as changes in ocean
basin tropical cyclone activity?
Oceania experiences long - term
impacts, including contamination of fresh water and loss of food supplies, although the highest surges in this region are lower than most
other basins.
Even with warming of 2 °C, we can expect to see adverse effects on water availability in critical river
basins, a more than doubling of forest fires in Amazonia by 2050,
impacted coral reef recovery from bleaching events, among
other effects.