Sentences with phrase «other space radiation»

There is strong evidence that some bacteria can survive strong ultraviolet light from the sun and other space radiation.

Not exact matches

NASA and other space agencies have known for decades that this radiation can cause cancer and other cell damage.

Outer space may look mostly empty, but it's actually packed with cosmic radiation — gamma rays and charged particles produced by exploding stars, black holes and other violent astrophysical phenomena.

Some models suggest that a flip would be completed in a year or two, but if, as others predict, it lasted decades or longer we would be left exposed to space radiation.

«These data are a fundamental reference for the radiation hazards in near Earth «geospace» out to Mars and other regions of our sun's vast heliosphere,» says CRaTER principal investigator Nathan Schwadron of the UNH Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space (EOS).

Says Zeitlin, «This is the first study using observations from space to confirm what has been thought for some time — that plastics and other lightweight materials are pound - for - pound more effective for shielding against cosmic radiation than aluminum.

The country's newest space lab, Tiangong - 2, for example, hosts a number of scientific payloads, including an advanced atomic clock and a $ 3.4 - million detector called POLAR for the study of γ - ray bursts — blasts of high - energy radiation from collapsing stars and other sources.

While the Johns Hopkins team studies the likely effects of radiation on the brain during a deep space mission, other NASA - funded research groups are looking at the potential effects of radiation on other parts of the body and on whether it increases cancer risks.

So when NASA launched a gamma - ray telescope into space in 2008, astronomers figured the high - energy radiation it detected would point the way to easily identifiable supernova remnants, black holes, and other extroverted objects.

Our new semi-immortals, people of indefinite and unknown longevity, would be a diverse population resistant to all viruses, known and unknown, all other pathogens, and all forms of cancer, autoimmune diseases, environmental toxins, and even radiation — that last attribute particularly handy for space travel.

And space physicians still need to find ways to limit other hazards of human spaceflight that don't have anything to do with weightlessness, such as disturbed sleep and exposure to cosmic radiation.

This so - called Cherenkov radiation offers clues about supernovas and other explosions in space.

Now, one team of cosmologists has used the oldest radiation there is, the afterglow of the big bang, or the cosmic microwave background (CMB), to show that the universe is «isotropic,» or the same no matter which way you look: There is no spin axis or any other special direction in space.

In a new paper in Scientific Reports, FSU Dean of the College of Human Sciences and Professor Michael Delp explains that the men who traveled into deep space as part of the lunar missions were exposed to levels of galactic cosmic radiation that have not been experienced by any other astronauts or cosmonauts.

George lists a number of observations purportedly supporting multiverse theories that are dubious at best, like evidence that certain constants of nature aren't really constant, evidence in the cosmic microwave background radiation of collisions with other universes or strangely connected space, etc..

Moreover, any manned outpost on Phobos would be well shielded from space radiation — protected on one side by Mars and on the other by the satellite's own bulk.

Creating the ability to more quickly and accurately forecast space weather would give satellite operations teams, space programs and others technologies that rely on assets in Earth's space environment the ability to reposition satellites and / or shut down noncritical components as well as defer critical operations — such as uploading new software or orbital maneuvers — that might be adversely affected by storm effects, such as increased penetrating radiation.

In 2009, the Spitzer Space Telescope discovered infrared radiation from a ring far beyond all the others encircling Saturn; sunlight heats the ring's dust, which emits its heat at infrared wavelengths.

Solar storms can at times create radiation damage or introduce errors in satellite or spacecraft computer processors, causing them to function unpredictably, malfunction (sometimes permanently) or «misbehave» in other ways, Anderson says, adding that much of this activity goes unreported to the public because, particularly in commercial space - based systems, operators tend to be very reticent to admit they have had a problem that might discourage investors.

Understanding the risks of radiation and the other extreme environments of space flight «is critical to provide safe passage for human exploration to the moon and Mars,» says microbiologist Cheryl Nickerson of Arizona State University in Tempe.

The radiation used for cancer therapies is a much more targeted version of what exists in outer space, and exposure to that radiation presents a major health risk, and thus a serious challenge for NASA, SpaceX, and other organizations trying to explore the solar system.

Lunar observations (and other space - based observations) show that GCR radiation doses are rising faster than previously thought.

But some regions may become redder and darker than others because parts of the atmosphere collapse, exposing those spots to more surface - darkening radiation from space, researchers report March 22 at the Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in The Woodlands, Texas.

And one of the ways, one of the predictions of inflation, potentially, is if there is a background of something called gravitational waves — literally undulations in space and time that exist throughout the universe — and two other gentlemen that are here, John Carlstrom, he is one of the experimental leaders in looking at the cosmic microwave background radiation, which is currently our best probe of the universe.

Look across space from one edge of the visible universe to the other, and you'll see that the microwave background radiation filling the cosmos is at the same temperature everywhere.

Previously, all astronomy observations have relied on light — which includes X-rays, radio waves, and other types of electromagnetic radiation emanating from objects in space — or on very - high - energy particles called neutrinos and cosmic rays.

Carbon dioxide, as well as CH4 and other gases, absorb and re-emit longwave radiation back to the earth's surface that would otherwise radiate rapidly into outer space, thus warming the Earth.

Cosmic radiation, another form of energetic ions in space, is an important consideration in designing materials and advanced electronics used in satellites and other space exploration technologies.

Exposure to radiation (although considered minute), cramped spaces, and potential infections (from other passengers on the plane), and the stress of changing time zones (forcing your circadian hormone levels to adjust) can all add up to quite a stress, especially for frequent fliers.

Much of this radiation is returned to the space and the other part is absorbed by the layer of gas surrounding atmosphere causing the greenhouse effect.

What other things in the Earth system will change when it warms up that will affect how much SW radiation is reflected back into space [eg ice - albedo feedback, cloud changes] or affect what proportion of emitted LW radiation is allowed to escape to space [eg Water Vapour, cloud changes].

Theory certainly suggests that a warmer atmosphere as a result of higher CO2 concentrations will emit photons more frequently — and more of these will by chance find a path to space restoring the conditional equilibrium between ingoing and outgoing radiation — the condition being that all other things remain equal.

Any extra warmth generated in the atmosphere by CO2 or any other trace gas will quickly be neutralised by the hugely greater effect of the oceans in so far as it has not already been dispersed by increased radiation to space, evaporation, convection, condensation and rainfall.

Ultimately, only EM radiation can export energy out of the earth atmosphere to space (ignoring satellite launches, and other minor massive ejecta for the nit pickers).

But most of the infra - red radiation emitted by the earth's surface is absorbed in the atmosphere by water vapour, carbon dioxide, and other naturally occurring «greenhouse gases», making it difficult for the surface to radiate energy directly to space.

The atmosphere on the other hand can cool only by IR radiation to space.

In other words, no climate models, as of 2007, were accurate enough in their modeling of Earth's atmosphere to reflect, appropriately, how much solar radiation was reflected back into space and how much was trapped / absorbed.

The radiatively active gases (H2O, CO2) on the other hand are like the holes (or opened windows) on a greenhouse, enabling the atmosphere to cool by radiation to space.

Much of this IR is at wavelengths at which other atmospheric constituents do not interact, so if CO2 is exposed to a warmer surface like the earth, it will absorb radiation that would otherwise pass through into the cold of space AND likewise if CO2 is exposed to the cool of outer space it will emit vast quantities of IR at wavelengths which other gases can not emit.

If CO2 and H2O molecules now are cooled below the previous equilibrium point by having their radiation allowed to escape to outer space, then I believe these molecules must then tend to absorb more energy than yield energy with each interaction with the other components of the atmosphere until that atmosphere as a whole reaches a new thermal equilibrium where the net radiation going out and the net radiation coming in (primarily from the sun and the surrounding atmosphere) is the same.

Heat conduction into space occurs through two mechanisms: mass interactions (i.e. through atoms and molecules and other particles) and radiation (i.e., light).

Until or unless the planetary body is at the same temperature as deep space there will always be energy input at the bottom of the atmospheric column (and a temperature gradient) and there will always be heat loss by radiation (or some other means like boiling off of the atmosphere) at the top of the column.

All absorbed radiation must be returned to space, except for very minor imbalances (e.g., of the order of currently estimated 0.9 W / ^ 2) during forcing by CO2, solar changes, aerosols, or other climate drivers.

Somehow, largely by conduction, convection and latent heat, and such means other than by radiation, heat flows from the earth's surface to somewhere, where it is then radiated into space.

«Radiative energy transport, on the other hand, depends only on the difference of the local matter and radiation temperatures at a single point in space.

In February, the National Academies of Science released two major reports on geoengineering, one on carbon dioxide removal technologies (to draw down carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and hence reduce the greenhouse effect) and the other on «albedo modification» or solar radiation management technologies (to reflect a fraction of sunlight back to space and thereby cool the planet).

About 30 percent of the radiation striking Earth's atmosphere is immediately reflected back out to space by clouds, ice, snow, sand and other reflective surfaces, according to NASA.

Latent heat obviously can not escape directly to space, it is first converted to simply heat by condensation and then to radiation (by collisional excitation of CO2 and other GHGs).

5) Thus the presence of water vapour and CO2 means that less energy is radiated into space from within their characteristic radiation bands so the temperature of the earth's surface has to increase in order for energy radiated at other wavelengths to increase to compensate.

That goes for GHGs as much as it does for other gases, which means that radiation will gain more free access to space above in close step with the decrease in opaque gas molecules.