So, other possible explanations the recent rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration
other than the anthropogenic emissions deserve investigation.
Not exact matches
Some of the budget estimates also make an allowance for the effects of
anthropogenic emissions of warming gases
other than CO2, such as methane.
Regarding all the
other sources of CO2, it is very true that
anthropogenic emission are very much smaller
than natural
emissions, but natural
emissions are well balanced by natural sinks.
Any warming observed prior to WWII is indicative of «global warming» (GW), but (since there were no significant human GHG
emissions yet) is counterindicative of
anthropogenic greenhouse warming (AGW), since something
other than human GHGs caused it, raising the question: if non GH warming caused this warming, could it not also have caused the most recent extended warming period?
• More
than 100 % (i.e. GHG warming has been partly offset by aerosol cooling) • Between 76 % and 100 % • Between 51 % and 76 % • Between 26 % and 50 % • Between 0 and 25 % • Less
than 0 % (i.e.
anthropogenic GHG
emissions have caused cooling) • There has been no warming • Unknown due to lack of knowledge • I do not know •
Other (please specify)
But interpretation isn't easy, since internal variability and forcings (natural and
anthropogenic)
other than CO2 can move individual points up and down on the temperature axis without any movement left or right along the cumulative CO2
emissions axis.
On the
other hand, we know
anthropogenic emissions are more
than enough to explain all of the observed rise (and then some).
However, the conditions predicted for the open ocean may not reflect the future conditions in the coastal zone, where many of these organisms live (Hendriks et al. 2010a, b; Hofmann et al. 2011; Kelly and Hofmann 2012), and results derived from changes in pH in coastal ecosystems often include processes
other than OA, such as
emissions from volcanic vents, eutrophication, upwelling and long - term changes in the geological cycle of CO2, which commonly involve simultaneous changes in
other key factors affecting the performance of calcifiers, thereby confounding the response expected from OA by
anthropogenic CO2 alone.
We propose here a new paradigm of
anthropogenic impacts on seawater pH. This new paradigm provides a canonical approach towards integrating the multiple components of
anthropogenic forcing that lead to changes in coastal pH. We believe that this paradigm, whilst accommodating that of OA by
anthropogenic CO2, avoids the limitations the current OA paradigm faces to account for the dynamics of coastal ecosystems, where some ecosystems are not showing any acidification or basification trend whilst
others show a much steeper acidification
than expected for reasons entirely different from
anthropogenic CO2
emissions.
Re 422 wili — I was looking at figure 2 (as best I could in the little version you get from behind paywall)-- it looks like, for the DEP 4.5
emissions -LRB-(DEP refers to forcing (from
anthropogenic emissions, I think) W / m ^ 2 in 2100) a bit more
than doubling CO2 by 2100, setting aside
other GHGs), if sensitivity is 3 K / doubling, the permafrost reservoir declines but starts to level off significantly before reaching 0 (I believe that's 0 % of the permafrost reservoir?).
The change from «CO2 is the cause of global warming» to «GHGs are the cause» to «
anthropogenic emissions are the cause», is a recognition that humans influence the climate in
other ways
than CO2.