Sentences with phrase «other types of neurons»

He adds that the sleep drive process in the R2 neurons works similarly to how memories are encoded in other types of neurons, where changes in the neuron's information - sending and receiving parts adjust over time.

«Nonetheless, we think that we can use optogenetics to put together a larger picture of connectivity between other types of neurons in other areas of the brain.»

Sundberg also plans to create other types of neurons for modeling ASD.

«But since that leads to increased cell division and NEUROG1 is used in other stem cells to make other types of neurons, scientists in other fields should be aware that when using this factor, they'll probably also increase cell proliferation,» Kwan said.

Neuregulin 1, for example, activates an entirely different set of proteins in other types of neurons.

The same treatment killed many other types of neurons, including both the spinal motor neurons that die in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the human dopaminergic neurons whose mysterious loss is the cause of Parkinson's disease.

Early in postnatal development, before this bouquet of cells makes connections with other types of neurons, the cells engage in cross-talk among themselves, Michael Hausser has found.

While other types of neurons in the brainstem and hypothalamus have been shown to influence REM sleep, Dan said, «Because of the strong induction of REM sleep — in 94 percent of the recorded trials our mice entered REM sleep within seconds of activating the neurons — we think this might be a critical node of a relatively small network that makes the decision whether you go into dream sleep or not.»

Researchers from Hiroki Taniguchi's lab at the Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience (MPFI) published a study in eNeuro in May 2017 showing for the first time that a unique type of inhibitory interneuron called chandelier cells — which are implicated in several diseases affecting the brain such as schizophrenia and epilepsy — seem to develop their connections differently than other types of neurons.

The research also answers a long - standing question about why motor neurons, the nerve cells of the spinal cord that control muscle movement, form much faster than other types of neurons.

Not exact matches

My aim to strike an «e» — or even to type a complete word «the» triggers a burst of physical responses in my brain cells, which in turn mediate these «amplified» feelings to adjacent occasions in other brain cells and in neurons.

Although other neuronal cell types are affected, medium spiny neurons bear the brunt of the damage caused by Huntington's disease.

«By observing entorhinal - hippocampal neurons based on their birthdate, we realized that these cells were somehow special and very different from the other surrounding cell types, which was instrumental to find out how and to what extent they influenced the assembly of the network.»

Action potentials can be created by many types of cells, but are used most extensively by the nervous system for communication between neurons and to transmit information from neurons to other body tissues such as muscles and glands.

LPA receptors are all over neural progenitor cells, which go on to form neurons and other types of cells in a young brain.

Given that there are a number of different types of neurons in the cerebral cortex and that there are many areas where the neurons do things other than help with memory, you can see how one billion is a conservative estimate I hoped would be useful for understanding the storage capacity of the human brain.

«Because of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, we were able to work with other researchers to make patient cells into any type of neuron,» said Young - Pearse, whose lab spent two years fine - tuning protocols with collaborators to generate the neurons needed for her early onset Alzheimer's study.

The study published in Cell Metabolism reports a mechanism by which two types of brain cells, neurons and glia, normally support each other's functions.

In the new study, Datta and his team discovered that necklace neurons in mice do not express GPCRs, unlike all other types of olfactory sensory neurons in mammals.

Moreover, each necklace neuron expresses multiple types of MS4A receptors, in stark contrast to the one - receptor - per - neuron rule that organizes insect and other mammalian olfactory systems.

To create different cell types in the lab, stem cells must be coaxed down the road of determination — the branching paths that fetal cells normally travel to become neurons, skin cells, muscle cells, or any number of other cell types.

In neurons of DIXDC1 mutant mice (center) the dendrites — neural antennae that receive input from other brain cells — have fewer of the dendritic spines (white with red arrows)-- the receiving half of most synaptic inputs — compared to dendrites in wild type mice (left).

Further, the researchers found that MMP - 9 can be detected not just in lumbar 5 neurons, but also in other types of motor neurons affected by ALS.

«Although the two types of inhibitory neurons are very similar to each other in terms of morphology, synaptic connectivity, and the kinds of small molecules they use for signaling, they're very different in terms of the methylation pattern.

By comparing hippocampal and cortical neurons in mono - culture (with other cells of the same type) and in co-culture (both cell types deposited within one device), the research showed that some features from hippocampal cells, like the percentage of action potential spikes found in bursts, were significantly higher when cultured together with cortical cells.

Generally, scientists try to find a unique marker, a sort of molecular signature, to distinguish one type of neuron from the many others in the brain.

«Our main challenge was to find the right timing and concentration of the signaling molecules that would yield V2a interneurons instead of other neuronal cell types, such as motor neurons,» said first author Jessica Butts, a graduate student in the McDevitt lab.

Though this information - maximizing theory has been tested in a few types of behavior, Sharpee and others believe it could provide a basis for a larger, unified framework for understanding different types of behavior across species, cells, neurons and even larger scale phenomenon, such as resource allocation.

WHEN DISCUSSING neurotransmitters, most people think of the classical neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin — the primary chemical messengers used by neurons to communicate with one another and with other types of cells.

Due to the build - up of toxic glycogen clumps in neurons and other cell types, patients with this disease commonly experience severe epileptic seizures, motor impairment, muscle spasms, and dementia.

In the basal ganglia — a complex system of neurons in the brain responsible for, among other things, procedural learning — Bottjer and Achiro were able to isolate two different types of neurons in young songbirds: ones that were activated only when the birds heard themselves singing, and others that were activated only when the birds heard the songs of adult birds that they were trying to imitate.

A unique feature of this DREADD system not found in other methods is that it is not limited to the control of neurons — activity levels of certain enzymes in almost every tissue type can be controlled to probe mechanisms of basic cellular function.

«Our research revealed how small RNA molecules can work with other cell signals called transcription factors to generate specific types of neurons, in this case motor neurons.

The ability of scientists to convert human skin cells into other cell types, such as neurons, has the potential to enhance understanding of disease and lead to finding new ways to heal damaged tissues and organs, a field called regenerative medicine.

Two types of neurons are needed for the cerebral cortex to operate harmoniously: excitators (80 %), which are responsible for transmitting information to other regions of the brain, and inhibitors (20 %), which govern the activity of the excitators.

«Frog neurons, like those in people and other animals, receive the same type of chemical inputs, but it's been a major challenge to understand how they work together to enable to enable the neurons to compute the length of a sound,» Rose says.

For the first 5 years, Spalding worked on finding an effective way of separating the roughly 20 million neurons in the dentate gyrus from other types of hippocampal cells and then extracting their DNA.

Or other types of cells besides neurons might pick up electrical fields and gradually alter brain function.

«We were interested in the origins of lamprey gut neurons because in other vertebrates they arise from a particular embryonic cell type, called neural crest cells,» says Stephen Green, postdoctoral scholar in biology and biological engineering and co-first author on the paper.

What hasn't been clear is how such a neuron can specialize in sensing just one type of membrane - distorting stimulus — such as the angle of a limb joint — yet exclude others, such as impact pressures.

Once we're able to do that we will have an implantable chip that can interface with neurons and other types of cellular networks.

Despite this ubiquitous SMN expression, the pathology is characterized by degeneration of spinal Motor neurons whereas other neuronal types are relatively preserved suggesting that spinal motor neurons specific features control this differential sensitivity.

Goulding's lab studies the immediate and downstream effects of neuronal cell loss, such as ongoing changes to spared neurons or to other cell types that make up the circuit, and determines how they adapt to the loss of a particular neuronal cell type.

The current focus of Dr. Trakhtenberg's research is on solving the fundamental problem of the failure of CNS projection neurons to regenerate injured axons and developing translational approaches for treating optic neuropathies (eg, glaucoma) and other types of CNS injuries.

For example, they found that the genes cut and numb, among others, influence the identity and type of neurons made by their progenitors, and that the fruit fly gene atonal is implicated in vision and hearing.

The focus of my laboratory is on exploring novel approaches for solving the fundamental problem of the failure of CNS projection neurons to regenerate injured axons and developing translational approaches for treating optic neuropathies (e.g., glaucoma) and other types of CNS injuries.

Some cells differentiated themselves into various types of the nerve cells (neurons) found in several brain regions, while others remained «neural progenitors,» creating a reservoir of potential neurons to be used later.

So for our model of this disease, which we are currently developing, we have to generate a variety of other brain cell types besides neurons that are thought to foster immune responses in the brain.

Motor Neuron a type of nerve cell that conveys impulses from the central nervous system to a muscle or other effector tissue.

Another consideration when developing drugs is that the particular brain cells we'd like to rescue in HD - neurons - are very different from other types of cells.