Where is the clear line in a progression from (1) using animal insulin to treat diabetes, to (2) using
gene remodeling techniques to grow insulin in a host bacterium that will reproduce rapidly and from which a plentiful supply of insulin can be harvested, to (3) genetic surgery to replace the defective
gene in a person diagnosed as diabetic, to (4) genetic surgery immediately after fertilization in order to replace the defective
gene and
alter the germ cells which would
otherwise have transmitted the disease to one's offspring?
Cancer cells may contain mutations in
genes that code for antigens, producing misshapen or
otherwise altered antigens that are known to scientists as neoantigens.