Startup Sapphire Energy, which uses synthetic biology to make a green crude
out of algae, announced on Monday that it's raising $ 144 million in a Series C round from investors including agriculture company Monsanto.
She learned how to build wind turbines and solar - powered go - karts, and she made biofuel
out of algae.
I love everything that is made
out of algae, haha.
To draw lipids
out of algae, scientists must starve the algae of nitrogen.
«If you just squeeze the oil
out of algae, what you basically get is vegetable oil, which you can convert to diesel,» says Stephen Mayfield, a molecular biologist at the University of California, San Diego.
Not exact matches
Thus mini-nuclear reactors,
algae - based fuels, and various other exciting schemes are routinely trotted
out as the «source
of unlimited energy in the near future,» always with the implicit faith that the process can be scaled up from the laboratory to a global scale with only modest difficulties.
It is understood the vehicle lost grip on a thick blanket
of algae coating the pier's slipway and slid into the water; the victims were on a day
out from nearby Derry.
A city spokesman on Friday said there was no threat to the drinking water «at this time» because the
algae blooms were near the shore and the intake pipes are
out toward the middle
of the lake.
Touching your time machine down on Earth at a random point in the planet's history, roughly nine times
out of 10 you would only find single - celled life or
algae and would risk suffocation in the oxygen - starved open air.
WINDBLOWN dust from a dried -
out African lake that was once the size
of California is nourishing rainforests in the Amazon and
algae in the Atlantic.
At least at the level
of multicellular creatures — fungi, animals, plants,
algae — scientists are pretty sure that DNA - based life forms did beat
out their competition (just look around).
To achieve their grander ambitions, such as creating
algae capable
of churning
out fuel for cars, genetic engineers are now trying to make far more sweeping changes.
The addition
of seawater might cause
algae to grow
out of control, choking
out microorganisms better suited to a saltier environment, or turning the water red.
Using frozen samples
of Nannochloropsis oculata, a type
of single - celled ocean - dwelling
algae, Dina Pasini (University
of Kent) set
out to test the conditions which early life would have had to survive if it did indeed travel through space.
And it's most likely that some combination
of factors, including poisonous
algae perhaps, helped wipe
out 90 percent
of all marine life some 250 million years ago, for example.
Continental jet 516 — a two - engine Boeing 737 - 800 — completed a two hour test flight
out of Houston today with one engine powered by a 50 - 50 blend
of regular petroleum - based jet fuel and a synthetic alternative made from Jatropha and
algae.
The E. coli directly secretes the resulting biodiesel, which then floats to the top
of a fermentation vat, so there is neither the necessity for distillation or other purification processes nor the need, as in biodiesel from
algae, to break the cell to get the oil
out.
«Water coming
out of sewage treatment plants has nutrients — nitrates, which encourage
algae to grow,» Boeing's Daggett notes.
For example, scientists with the Scripps Institution
of Oceanography figured
out how to curb an enzyme that breaks down the lipids in
algae that are crucial for making biofuel.
To find
out what eats what in this ecosystem, fisheries ecologists Jason Turner and Jay Rooker
of Texas A&M University in Galveston first analyzed the composition
of fatty acids in Sargassum, a green
algae that grows on seaweed fronds, and phytoplankton — microscopic organisms that photosynthesize like plants.
The
alga now carpets 4600 - and - counting hectares
of sea floor, wiping
out native grasses from Spain to Croatia.
«Both malaria and Helicosporidium started
out as
alga and ended up as intracellular parasites preying on animals, but they have done it in very different ways,» says Keeling, director
of the Centre for Microbial Diversity and Evolution at UBC and a Senior Fellow
of Canadian Institute for Advanced Research.
Out of the vast diversity
of plankton in the oceans, the worst offenders are a few species
of diatoms, dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria, collectively called harmful
algae.
Much
of Krejci's research so far has focused on trying to work
out how the
algae generate the crystals, with an eye to making the process even more strontium - selective.
She moves a short way upstream and does it all over again, scouring
algae off rock, washing silt
out of the eddies, aerating gravel.
Eventually, the fertilizing effects
of these nutrients in surface waters can fuel the growth
of algae that ultimately suck most
of the oxygen
out of large patches
of coastal waters, creating what are colloquially termed dead zones (see Limiting Dead Zones).
Sara figured
out how to boost
algae oil levels, a trait that could make the photosynthetic organisms more attractive as a source
of biofuels.
Chlorarachniophytes can also carry
out photosynthesis; they are one
of two groups
of protozoa that, at some point in their history, have acquired chloroplasts by engulfing a green
alga.
When researchers conceived
of turning
algae into diesel fuel three decades ago, the idea sounded like something
out of the old sci - fi movie Soylent Green.
Its method also relies on natural sunlight, but with a twist: instead
of moving the sunlight to the
algae, GreenFuel rotates the
algae in and
out of the sunlight, a process called photomodulation, explains GreenFuel co-founder Isaac Berzin.
In it Lovelock laid
out his daring idea that our planet is a single, self - regulating system, dubbed Gaia, wherein «the entire range
of living matter on Earth, from whales to viruses, and from oaks to
algae, could be regarded as constituting a single living entity, capable
of manipulating the Earth's atmosphere to suit its overall needs.»
The scientists first genetically modified E. coli to consume sugar and secrete engine - grade biodiesel, which can float to the top
of a fermentation vat — no need for distilling, purifying or breaking cells open to get the oil
out, as is the case for making biodiesel from
algae.
Fleming's work took place at minus 321 degrees Fahrenheit, but similar effects appeared three years later in experiments with marine
algae carried
out at room temperature by a team led by Gregory Scholes, a chemist at the University
of Toronto in Ontario.
As it turns
out, the mutant
alga also exhibited aberrant organization
of cellular membranes when maintained in the dark, but did not exhibit them when maintained in the light.
In fact, the authors wrote, if not for the algal munching
of these grazers,
algae could blanket the seagrasses, blocking
out sunlight and preventing them from photosynthesizing, which would ultimately kill the seagrasses.
This leaves ecosystems vulnerable to dramatic changes, such as when a single species, like certain
algae, grows
out of control and forms toxic blooms, like the red tides common off the coast
of Florida and Mexico.
«What we set
out to look at now is the kind
of molecular change that happens when the salamander cells and green
algae cells are together.»
The causes are all human: overfishing wiping
out key species, warmer waters from a warming world, dying coral which supported millions
of species, pollution like fertilizers causing deadly
algae blooms and dead zones,...
But Park and his co-authors point
out that thicker layers
of algae on the sea surface would prevent sunlight from penetrating deeper into the water.
They have discovered a previously unknown protein in
algae that grabs an essential but scarce nutrient
out of seawater, vitamin B12.
Exploiting habitats that are often or mostly
out of water required new symbiotic relationships to contain and move water, including the fusion
of some fungi and
algae to create lichen in communities with bacteria that survive extreme desiccation on land while breaking down rock into soil, and the association
of mycorrhizae fungi and the root tissue
of new vascular plants — culminating in trees that pump water high into the air — to exchange mineral nutrients (e.g., phosphorus) and usable «fixed» nitrogen from the atmosphere for photosynthetic products.
Regarding the possible role hydrogen sulfide in the major extinctions you might want to check
out another book, one which places it in the context
of the methane clathrate gun, the destruction
of the coccolithophores which help to maintain an oxygenated atmosphere by ocean acidification, the role
of algae blooms, etc...
Mishler points
out that
algae are responsible for the brightly colored plumes that can be observed on giant clams or the vibrant appearance
of coral.
After all, surface mats
of duckweed can block
out sunlight just as the
algae can.
This process can be inefficient, however, since the gaseous carbon dioxide tends to bubble
out of solution and into the atmosphere above the algal cultivation system before it is consumed by the
algae.
It's also worth pointing
out that, while neither
algae is a great source
of vitamin B12, the type found in chlorella is more bioavailable (the body can absorb it more easily).
Check
out what Chef Caroline Fey
of The City Kitchen in San Francisco has to say about Thrive ®
Algae Oil:
I don't want to have to swallow an extra
Algae omega 3 or Tsp
of flax seed to level that ratio
out..
If you want the benefits
of algae like Spirulina then it is best to source
out the pure product in powder or tablet form.
And I know you might be a little hesitant to add Spirulina (i.e. creepy dark green
algae powder) to your smoothies, I get it, but hear me
out - Spirulina is one
of the most nutrient dense foods on the planet!