Exemplary best practice guidelines have been developed for transfer from home or
out of hospital birth settings to the hospital (Home Birth Summit, 2014; Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014).
Not exact matches
Standards outlined by the AAP for care
of the neonate are possible in an
out -
of -
hospital settings, including homebirth, although because homebirth practices do not have an accreditation body similar to the American Association
of Birth Centers there is no way to assure that any particular homebirth midwife or practice provides any certain standard
of care.
This is because the vast majority
of stillbirths delivered in the
hospital are known to be antepartum and not intrapartum.29, 30, 31 On the other hand, in
out -
of -
hospital settings, most antepartum deaths in planned home
births would be transferred to the
hospital.
If multiple strong, well - done studies came
out and showed that home
birth under a specific
set of circumstances was exactly as safe as a
hospital birth, you would see people here change their minds and support that.
I found the workshop rather ill - informed on the risks
of taking VBAC clients in
out -
of -
hospital birth centers, instead the push from the AABC, as well as the CNM workshop leader was to advocate for VBAC in low - resource
settings, such as their accredited
birth centers.
While the NICE guidelines make it clear that women should be free to choose the
birth setting they are most comfortable with, they point
out that the risks
of over-intervention in the
hospital may outweigh the risks
of under - intervention at a
birth center or at home for the majority
of expecting mothers.
Out -
of -
hospital births were also associated with a higher rate
of unassisted vaginal delivery and lower rates
of obstetrical interventions and NICU admission than in -
hospital births, findings that corroborate the results
of earlier studies.3 - 5 These associations follow logically from the more conservative approach to intervention that characterizes the midwifery model
of care8, 19 and from the fact that obstetrical interventions are either rare (e.g., induction
of labor) 20 or unavailable (e.g., cesarean delivery, whether at home or at a
birth center) outside the
hospital setting.
Rates
of obstetrical intervention are high in U.S.
hospitals, and we found large absolute differences in the risks
of these interventions between planned
out -
of -
hospital births and in -
hospital births.38 In contrast, serious adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes are infrequent in all the
birth settings we assessed, and the absolute differences in risk that we observed between planned
birth locations were correspondingly small; for example, planned
out -
of -
hospital births were associated with an excess
of less than 1 fetal death per 1000 deliveries in multivariate and propensity - score - adjusted analyses.
In 2012, the home
birth rate in Oregon was 2.4 %, which was the highest rate of any state; another 1.6 % of women in Oregon delivered at birth centers.11 Before licensure became mandatory in 2015, Oregon was one of two states in which licensure was not required for the practice of midwifery in out - of - hospital settings.12 Although the 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth distinguishes planned home births from unplanned home births, at the national level there is still no way to disaggregate hospital births that were intended to occur at a hospital and those that had not been intended to occur at a hosp
birth rate in Oregon was 2.4 %, which was the highest rate
of any state; another 1.6 %
of women in Oregon delivered at
birth centers.11 Before licensure became mandatory in 2015, Oregon was one of two states in which licensure was not required for the practice of midwifery in out - of - hospital settings.12 Although the 2003 revision of the U.S. Standard Certificate of Live Birth distinguishes planned home births from unplanned home births, at the national level there is still no way to disaggregate hospital births that were intended to occur at a hospital and those that had not been intended to occur at a hosp
birth centers.11 Before licensure became mandatory in 2015, Oregon was one
of two states in which licensure was not required for the practice
of midwifery in
out -
of -
hospital settings.12 Although the 2003 revision
of the U.S. Standard Certificate
of Live
Birth distinguishes planned home births from unplanned home births, at the national level there is still no way to disaggregate hospital births that were intended to occur at a hospital and those that had not been intended to occur at a hosp
Birth distinguishes planned home
births from unplanned home
births, at the national level there is still no way to disaggregate
hospital births that were intended to occur at a
hospital and those that had not been intended to occur at a
hospital.
We assessed perinatal morbidity and mortality, maternal morbidity, and obstetrical procedures according to the planned
birth setting (
out of hospital vs.
hospital).
To assess the robustness
of the results
of our regression analysis, we performed covariate adjustment with derived propensity scores to calculate the absolute risk difference (details are provided in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text
of this article at NEJM.org).14, 15 To calculate the adjusted absolute risk difference, we used predictive margins and G - computation (i.e., regression - model — based outcome prediction in both exposure
settings: planned in -
hospital and planned
out -
of -
hospital birth).16, 17 Finally, we conducted post hoc analyses to assess associations between planned
out -
of -
hospital birth and outcomes (cesarean delivery and a composite
of perinatal morbidity and mortality), which were stratified according to parity, maternal age, maternal education, and risk level.
Perinatal mortality was higher with planned
out -
of -
hospital birth than with planned in -
hospital birth, but the absolute risk
of death was low in both
settings.
With this second aim, we used new data on planned
birth setting to improve the interpretation
of studies in which investigators could not disaggregate in -
hospital births that had been planned to be
out -
of -
hospital births from
births that had been planned to be in -
hospital births.
If all low risk women were being cared for by midwives in
out of hospital settings, we would see better outcomes, healthier mamas and babies, and women would be able to tell their
birth story with confidence that they had control.
They evaluated perinatal morbidity and mortality, maternal morbidity, and obstetrical procedures according to the planned
birth setting (
out of hospital versus
hospital).
The authors concluded that perinatal mortality was higher with planned
out -
of -
hospital birth than with planned in -
hospital birth, but the absolute risk
of death was low in both
settings.
Today, Anne has extensive training and clinical experience in women's health and maternity care, in both in -
hospital and
out -
of -
hospital settings, including water
birth.
The researchers have shared their findings with a group that is developing a clinical bulletin designed to inform health care providers about the practice
of water
birth in both
hospital and
out -
of -
hospital settings.
For example, they can help you develop a
birth plan, offer pain - relieving prenatal massage during labor, guide you through breathing exercises and visualizations, or let you know about better birthing positions, both in and
out of a
hospital setting, and give post-
birth coaching too.
If your child has suffered an injury during
birth that has caused any temporary or permanent damage, do not hesitate to reach
out to contact us and we will
set you up with a dedicated
birth injury lawyer on our team who who will be able to take on the tough fights against insurance companies,
hospitals, and negligent treatment providers to help you get the resources you need to cover the years
of special treatment for your injured child.
Early childhood health and development trajectories for these children will be constructed via linkage to a range
of administrative data
sets relating to
birth outcomes, congenital conditions,
hospital admissions, emergency department presentations, receipt
of ambulatory mental healthcare services, use
of general practitioner services, contact with child protection and
out -
of - home care services, receipt
of income assistance and fact
of death.