Sentences with phrase «outcome in a large sample»

Evaluation of nonresponse bias in mental health determinants and outcomes in a large sample of preadolescents

The present study examined rates of trauma exposure, clinical characteristics associated with trauma exposure, and the effect of trauma exposure on treatment outcome in a large sample of primary care patients without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Not exact matches

The rarity of planned home births and particularly perinatal death in any birthing environment makes gathering a sufficient sample for ensuring a dataset large enough to offer the incidences of rare outcomes particularly challenging.

Its large sample size provided the power to detect differences in rare adverse outcomes.

The strengths of the study include the ability to compare outcomes by the woman's planned place of birth at the start of care in labour, the high participation of midwifery units and trusts in England, the large sample size and statistical power to detect clinically important differences in adverse perinatal outcomes, the minimisation of selection bias through achievement of a high response rate and absence of self selection bias due to non-consent, the ability to compare groups that were similar in terms of identified clinical risk (according to current clinical guidelines) and to further increase the comparability of the groups by conducting an additional analysis restricted to women with no complicating conditions identified at the start of care in labour, and the ability to control for several important potential confounders.

Another followed a large sample of children of teen mothers who were involved in a child abuse — prevention project, and compared outcomes of various types of early parenting practices.

Of particular importance is the fact that the study sample was sufficiently large for most health outcomes to rule out even modest increases in risk.

Most trials of prenatal home visiting have produced disappointing effects on pregnancy outcomes such as birth weight and gestational age, 9,16,17 although one program of prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses has reduced prenatal tobacco use in two trials18, 19 and has reduced pregnancy - induced hypertension in a large sample of African - Americans.20

A Commentary article in the same issue of The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology by Harvard Professor Matthew W. Gillman notes that the study had a large sample size, reasonably precise information about the timing of the famine, geographical variation in the same country, and clinical outcomes — a combination of strengths missing in other famine studies.

The study's primary limitation is that the sample was not large enough to detect differences in the components of the primary endpoint, only a composite of these outcomes.

The xTEND project enabled the establishment of a unique set of mental health - related data from two large community samples across rural and urban regions of New South Wales in which to explore the role of community and interpersonal networks, adversity and depression as potential risk factors for suicide and poor physical and psychological outcomes.

Most trials of prenatal home visiting have produced disappointing effects on pregnancy outcomes such as birth weight and gestational age, 9,16,17 although one program of prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses has reduced prenatal tobacco use in two trials18, 19 and has reduced pregnancy - induced hypertension in a large sample of African - Americans.20

The program of prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses, tested with a primarily white sample, produced a 48 percent treatment - control difference in the overall rates of substantiated rates of child abuse and neglect (irrespective of risk) and an 80 percent difference for families in which the mothers were low - income and unmarried at registration.21 Corresponding rates of child maltreatment were too low to serve as a viable outcome in a subsequent trial of the program in a large sample of urban African - Americans, 20 but program effects on children's health - care encounters for serious injuries and ingestions at child age 2 and reductions in childhood mortality from preventable causes at child age 9 were consistent with the prevention of abuse and neglect.20, 22

The quasi-experimental design reduces spillover effects but does not eliminate the possibility of selection bias.41, 42 The use of prospectively identified control subjects was intended to minimize discrepancies in outcomes between the 2 designs.43 For some outcomes, as noted previously, the magnitude and direction of outcomes for intervention and control families at randomization and quasi-experimental sites were comparable, although they were statistically significant only at quasi-experimental sites and in the larger pooled sample.

The quasi-experimental design reduces spillover effects and makes it easier to implement the program, but does not eliminate the possibility of selection bias.35, 36 The use of prospectively defined controls at quasi-experimental sites likely contributed to minimized discrepancies in outcomes between randomization and quasi-experimental groups.37 For several parenting outcomes, such as discipline practices, findings were of similar magnitude and direction at randomization and quasi-experimental sites, but statistically significant at only quasi-experimental sites, where the sample size was larger; they were significant in the pooled sample, as well.

First, associations between depression and cortisol in pregnancy were not found in one large population based cohort study20 and may only be significant in the presence of antidepressant medication21 or co-morbid anxiety.22 Second, studies that tested either direct associations between antenatal maternal cortisol levels on infant or child outcomes or the mediational role of antenatal cortisol in associations between antenatal depression and outcomes yield mixed findings and typically have relied on small samples.23 Postpartum depression has been associated with a range of problems in infants» and young children's development.

A large proportion of the sample received treatment outside the study, which predicted better outcomes in the follow - up.

No prior research has examined and compared the associations of several communication technologies with relational outcomes in such a large and diverse sample of individuals in LDRs.

Since CU traits have shown a certain stability from early childhood to adolescence [32, 34], and given the evidence of severe outcome associations, more research is needed in large community samples from different cultures to identify the clinical benefits of identifying the ODD plus CU traits subgroup, especially early in life, given the preventive potential of early identification.

Strengths of this study include the use of a large population - based sample linked with longitudinal administrative health data, the use of a prospective design, the consideration of a variety of potential confounders including coinciding health behaviours, socio - demographic factors and self - esteem, the use of health care provider diagnoses for internalizing disorders which provides an objective and clinically meaningful assessment of internalizing disorders, and lastly, the fact that we monitored the outcome of interest for a period of 8 years, which is longer than in the few other studies.