Sentences with phrase «outcome variables which»

Findings from a study of CDP also showed significant reductions in alcohol and marijuana use, and in delinquent behaviors (outcome variables which were not examined in earlier studies).

Not exact matches

Ambiguity connotes a choice in which the results are unclear, and the ambiguity effect occurs when consumers favor a decision with a sure outcome over one with variable factors or unknown results.

These time - series, plus the construction of models of likely combinations of trends, assist in uncovering the causal relationships obtained among the variables which are shaping outcomes.

Though there are large, governing rules of the universe which tend to guide all actions and behaviors (such as the laws of gravity and entropy), the nearly infinite number of other variables can often lead to unforeseen outcomes and unexpected results.

Which parenting variable had more impact on child outcomes?

Are the outcome measures clearly related to the variables with which the study occurred?

The reason their machine learning method is able to capture clinically significant outcomes is due to their intrinsic frequency algorithm, which is the mathematical analysis used to calculate physically relevant variables relating to the patient's heart and vascular function.

A Cox hazard regression analysis, which adjusted for 17 baseline variables, was performed to determine any association between testosterone supplementation and three - year outcomes of death, non-fatal heart attack and stroke.

The USIDNET registry gathers variables including clinical, laboratory and outcome data, which together provide a health survey of the relatively small number of patients affected by primary immunodeficiency disorders.

To identify methodological categories, the outcome of each paper was classified according to a set of binary variables: 1 - outcome measured on biological material; 2 - outcome measured on human material; 3 - outcome exclusively behavioural (measures of behaviours and interactions between individuals, which in studies on people included surveys, interviews and social and economic data); 4 - outcome exclusively non-behavioural (physical, chemical and other measurable parameters including weight, height, death, presence / absence, number of individuals, etc...).

After adjusting for variables which could impact the outcomes, such as age, sex, intensity of depression, and other conditions in addition to use of other medicines, the researchers determined that SSRIs and medications in the group of other medications for depression were linked to a greater risk of a number of adverse outcomes in contrast to TCAs.

Education is a complex policy area in which outcomes are determined by a host of difficult - to - measure variables, many of which are outside of schools» control.

Using a rich set of control variables, the report generates a ranking that shows which states are «breaking the curve» — producing stronger academic outcomes for their students compared to demographically similar students across the US.

They need to be taught that, though showing students a movie or an animation of something happening can be more instructive than just reading about it, true simulation (which is even more instructive) means that students can change variables and affect the outcome.

The Campbell Collaboration's registry contains at least 50 entries on analogous trials in which conventional measures of academic achievement were the main outcome variable.

A lost art in the world of science is the lab notebook, in which scientists write down observations, impressions, and all the variables and outcomes of an experiment.

The outcome of the lottery, a random event, was used to create what statisticians refer to as an instrumental variable, which obtains unbiased estimates of the effects of attending private school on students» test scores.

For example the sample was not representative of the demographics and achievement characteristics of the schools involved nor did it evaluate other variables such as professional development, or literacy coach support, variables which would have influenced the program outcomes.

Although a host of variables intervene between educator professional learning activities and student learning, Guskey and Sparks noted three major characteristics of professional development that have a direct influence on educator learning, which indirectly leads to student outcomes.

We treat Instrumental Variables Analysis (IV) estimates of the impact of private schooling on student outcomes, some of which are being presented for the first time in this study, as the causal «benchmark» estimate.

The key assumption for identification underlying all of our estimates is the conditional independence assumption (CIA), which assumes that there are no variables omitted from our matching process that affect both the choice of textbook and the outcome (student achievement).

For our final analysis, we conducted a stepwise regression in which the most powerful school level (systematic internal assessment and parent links) and classroom level (time in small - group instruction and time in independent reading) variables were simultaneously regressed on our most robust outcome measure, fluency as indexed by words correct per minute on a grade level passage.

In a nutshell, she points out that the MET study asked whether actual observation of teaching, student surveys, or VAM test score measures did a better job of predicting future student test score growth, which «privileges» test scores by using it both as a variable being tested and as the outcome reflecting gains.

The researchers acknowledge three specific limitations in this study: challenges with validity and external reliability of the authentic instruction rating scale, missing data due to fluctuations in teacher participation during the duration of the study, and the inability to account for a variety of variables that may impact study outcomes due to the limited time frame and scope of the program in which the study took place

In this commentary we explore both putative and potential relationships between school funding and educational outcomes, for which numerous indices and variables have been examined during the past

To answer our third research question, we carefully examined which of several possible methodological and procedural features were associated with better outcomes, although some variables could not be evaluated in each review because of the way the studies were conducted and reported.

Moreover, the results can not be dismissed as aberrations... Surveying these scores across regions, time periods, and outcome variables, we find support for one of the strongest debunking predictions: it is impossible to find any domain in which humans clearly outperformed crude extrapolation algorithms, less still sophisticated statistical ones.

The beauty of a formulaic approach though is that it can be easily graphed and it can be easier to see which variables have a profound effect on the outcome.

Upon determining which variables were significantly associated with outcome in individual models, we combined those variables into a single logistic regression model.

The proper Scientific answer is «weather is a classic example of what is known as a chaotic system in which multiple variables, not all of which are known, combine to produce an outcome.

The bottom line is that if a drug can not pass the rigorous phase I to phase III trials required by the FDA (which are usually double blind, randomized, and controlled for all known variables that could influence the outcome), it will not be approved.

Long and Christensen found no statistically significant correlation between readability and outcome in the briefs in their study.129 For federal appellate court briefs and state supreme court briefs, the only variable with a statistically significant correlation to reversal was jurisdiction, which is not surprising because state cases have higher reversal rates than federal cases.

First, people are now used to relying on computerization for everything (which, in the legal area, can include research and online dispute resolution, as well as mathematical calculations of probable outcomes given a set of variables).

The challenge is to select metrics that will lead to an understanding of which firms meet expectations in terms of relevant variables such as price, matter cycle times, outcomes, adherence to billing guidelines, etc..

Moreover, we relate the outcomes of those cases to a host of variables, including variables related to the parties, the patents, and the court in which the case was litigated.

Across this 18 - month experiment, we are actively testing which independent variables (behaviors and attributes) impact which dependent variables (outcomes and satisfaction on key metrics), through statistical analysis.

Interactional justice mainly involves the association and communication between employees and the administrators, which leads to the lack of the exploration on the high - level of outcome variables.

This is supported by Szatmari's work in Canada, which showed that family dysfunction and, for boys, service needs disappeared as significant variables associated with ADHD when comorbidity for other disorders were factored in, of which by the far the most common was CD.31 Unsurprisingly, abused children with ADHD have poorer outcomes in adulthood, but that could have several alternative explanations as there are many confounders that could account for these differences in outcome.

It has been shown that inferences resulting from this analysis are virtually identical no matter which of these outcome measures is used.30 In addition to the covariates previously noted, the regression analysis was repeated to include annual household income, mother's treatment setting (primary vs psychiatric outpatient care), and treatment status of child during the 3 - month follow - up period in order to investigate the further potential confounding effects of these variables.

[12] The Gottman Relationship Institute claims that six of seven of Gottman's studies have been properly predictive, by a non-standard definition of prediction in which all that is required is that predictive variables, but not their specific relationship to the outcome, were selected in advance.

(i) For each of the outcome variables, a linear regression was performed for each student group, which provides measures of the linear trends as effects of the intervention.

These variables were categorized as work demands, work resources (e.g. control, support), individual differences (e.g. coping style, attributional style), and outcomes, although the model was intended as a framework into which any relevant variables can be applied.

Characteristics of Four Kinship Placement Outcome Groups and Variables Associated With These Kinship Placement Outcome Groups Chang & Liles Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 24 (6), 2007 Investigates factors that might be associated with the disruptions in kinship care of abused and neglected children, characteristics of the children such as their health status, ages, and the extent to which they were getting into «trouble» were significantly associated with outcomes.

Finally, on a related note, multiple participants were rated by a single supervisor, which subjects our outcome variables to rater effects.

Which parenting variable had more impact on child outcomes?

Regression analysis allows the association between an explanatory variable (such as low income) and an outcome variable (such as repeated mental health problems) to be explored while controlling for other variables (such as lone parenthood) which may affect the outcome variable - mental health.

Second, we will enter explanatory variables into the models to determine which factors have the most influence on outcomes and inequalities in these outcomes between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children.

Parenting is a proximal variable in the causal pathway to adverse outcomes in childhood and adolescence, of which material disadvantage and economic hardship are distal variables.32 Behavioural problems and temper tantrums among young children have been shown to increase as a result of parenting changes associated with economic hardship.33 Economic deprivation has also been associated with decreased respect for the father and increased dependence on peer group for adolescent boys, and lowered feelings of self adequacy and reduced goal aspirations for adolescent girls.15 Economic hardship appears to have direct and indirect effects on adolescent functioning.

Which research variables in this study belong to the «outcome domain», and which belong to «process domain&raWhich research variables in this study belong to the «outcome domain», and which belong to «process domain&rawhich belong to «process domain»?

aOnly variable in which larger numbers are better; for others (UHCN, K6, SDQ, adolescent mental health, and WTC family exposure), bigger numbers mean a poorer outcome