And these children are vulnerable to the same lousy
outcomes of children born to teen mothers: family instability, school failure, trouble with addictions or the law and then another generation born out of wedlock.
The last two decades has seen a steady improvement in the health
outcomes of children born after assisted reproduction (ART), with fewer babies being born preterm, with low birth weight, stillborn or dying within the first year of life.
Not exact matches
After the birth
of each live
born child, an extensive
outcome questionnaire was administered and additional information was collected from hospital and pediatric records.
Researchers from C.S. Mott
Children's Hospital at the University of Michigan tracked children from infancy through kindergarten and compared developmental outcomes between late preterm infants (born between 34 and 36 weeks); those born early term (37 to 38 weeks) and term (39 to 41
Children's Hospital at the University
of Michigan tracked
children from infancy through kindergarten and compared developmental outcomes between late preterm infants (born between 34 and 36 weeks); those born early term (37 to 38 weeks) and term (39 to 41
children from infancy through kindergarten and compared developmental
outcomes between late preterm infants (
born between 34 and 36 weeks); those
born early term (37 to 38 weeks) and term (39 to 41 weeks).
In this cohort
born after 2007, the number
of children with poor
outcome is lower at 34 per cent (11 per cent death and 23 per cent survived with disability).
The main
outcome of trial 1 was the frequency
of children born with low birth weight.
That proportion increased to 36 percent for babies
born toward the end
of the study (from 2008 to 2011), with the best
outcomes for
children born at 23 and 24 weeks.
In a case that could shape the
outcome of special education disputes across the country, the Supreme Court will decide in Schaffer v. Weast (Case No. 04 - 698) which side
bears the burden
of proof in disputes over
children's individualized education programs, or IEPs.
These conclusions are
borne out in two broad sets
of data: one based on longitudinal studies
of parenting and high quality programs starting in infancy and the other based on more recent studies on the impact
of preschool attendance on
child outcomes.
We look separately at the effects on the
outcomes of Haitian -
born incumbent students, other immigrant students, U.S. -
born Haitian Creole speakers, other U.S. -
born black students, other U.S. -
born non-black students, limited English proficient students, those who are not English language learners,
children with mothers who have less than a high school diploma,
children with mothers who have a high school diploma but no other education, and
children whose mothers attended college.
Seemingly educators
bear the brunt
of the
outcomes of children, and society is a given a pass.
We already know that summer
born children don't have the same level
of outcomes at the end
of Early Years Foundation Stage as their autumn
born counterparts, and this is only logical since they are younger.
One
of the more famous studies that has been cited by the National Institute
of Health, among other research papers, is Melanie Dreher's «Prenatal Marijuana Exposure and Neonatal
Outcomes in Jamaica,» published by the University
of Massachusetts and the American Academy
of Pediatrics, which also found no significant difference in birth weight, and actually found substantial benefits to
children who were
born.
Approximately 37 %
of all
children live in poverty for some period during their childhood.16 Children who are born into poverty and live persistently in poor conditions are at greatest risk of adverse o
children live in poverty for some period during their childhood.16
Children who are born into poverty and live persistently in poor conditions are at greatest risk of adverse o
Children who are
born into poverty and live persistently in poor conditions are at greatest risk
of adverse
outcomes.
And given that recent cohorts
of children born to single and cohabiting parents are relatively young, an additional complication involves comparing
outcomes across studies (that is, analysts can not yet estimate effects
of family structure on adolescent and adult
outcomes for cohorts such as FFCWS).
Where both parents are depressed, the
child is at far greater disadvantage and poorer
outcomes have been observed in
children up to the age
of 7.32 Heightened parental anxiety may result in adverse
outcomes for the
child, who is also put at increased risk
of anxiety.33 Given that
children born preterm are already at some disadvantage in comparison to their peers
born at term, an increase in the prevalence
of PD among this group
of parents could compound the negative impact
of an early delivery on
child outcomes.
Thus, one study12 found that teenage parents with a previous history
of behavioral problems in childhood had (subsequently
born)
children who were more likely to have poor health
outcomes at 5 years
of age.
In the United States, more than 1.5 million
children are
born to unmarried parents each year.1 Many
of these
children will grow up in single - parent households, a backdrop that can adversely affect academic performance, emotional development, and long - term socioeconomic
outcomes.2 Moreover, without specific legal action on the part
of unmarried parents, these
children will not share the same rights as
children born to married parents.
However, the
outcomes were measured only 1 — 2 weeks after the baby was
born (1 +).12 The introduction
of the Nursing
Child Assessment Teaching Scale programme in the NICU made no significant difference to parental stress levels and maternal — infant interactions when assessed at discharge and at 3 months after discharge (1 +).20 One RCT found that coaching parents on how to interact with their preterm infant made no difference to knowledge
of care, sensitivity to the infant or satisfaction in parenting compared with the control group (1 ---RRB-.21 However, this may have been confounded by the amount
of contact that the control mothers had with the researchers, as these mothers reported that they enjoyed having someone show an interest in them.
Kilburn recently completed a randomized trial evaluation
of the First
Born ® Program, a home visiting model that combines nurses and other trained staff to enhance the health and developmental
outcomes of children and their parents.
Children growing up with parents who have not graduated from high school have fewer socioeconomic advantages and are at greater risk
of being
born with a low birthweight, having health problems, entering school not ready to learn and having poor educational
outcomes.
Aboriginal Australians experience multiple social and health disadvantages from the prenatal period onwards.1 Infant2 and child3 mortality rates are higher among Aboriginal
children, as are well - established influences on poor health, cognitive and education
outcomes, 4 — 6 including premature birth and low birth weight, 7 — 9 being
born to teenage mothers7 and socioeconomic disadvantage.1, 8 Addressing Aboriginal early life disadvantage is
of particular importance because
of the high birth rate among Aboriginal people10 and subsequent young age structure
of the Aboriginal population.11 Recent population estimates suggest that
children under 10 years
of age account for almost a quarter
of the Aboriginal population compared with only 12 %
of the non-Aboriginal population
of Australia.11
The report, co-authored by Thomas DeLeire
of the University
of Wisconsin and Leonard M. Lopoo
of Syracuse University, compared the economic mobility
outcomes for
children who were
born to single mothers, divorced parents, and continuously married parents.
Cognitive and behavioral
outcomes of school - age
children who were
born preterm: A meta - analysis [Review].
The
outcomes include ensuring that
children are
born healthy, are developmentally on track from birth to third grade, are ready to succeed in school at the time
of entry, and are reading proficiently by the end
of the third grade.
We analyzed all
children born in Sweden between 1983 and 2009 to investigate the effect
of SDP on multiple indicators
of adverse
outcomes in three areas: pregnancy
outcomes (birth weight, preterm birth and being
born small for gestational age), long - term cognitive abilities (low academic achievement and general cognitive ability) and externalizing behaviors (criminal conviction, violent criminal conviction and drug misuse).
Cognitive and behavioral
outcomes of school - aged
children who were
born preterm: a meta - analysis
Context The cognitive and behavioral
outcomes of school - aged
children who were
born preterm have been reported extensively.
Examples
of equifinality (where alternate pathways lead to the same
outcome) surfaced, as both adolescent disorders predicted at age 21: anxiety disorder, multiple drug use, early school leaving, low school attainment, any cohabitation, pregnancy, and early
child bearing.