Not exact matches
It's not exactly clear what's behind the trend of more
parents moving away from corporal punishment — it could be a result of doctors and
other child health and welfare experts spreading the word about extensive and well - researched evidence showing a clear link between corporal punishment and negative
outcomes for kids, or it could be that this form of punishing kids is less socially acceptable
than it used to be, or a combination of both factors.
Infant deaths that occurred as a result of bed sharing under these circumstances have resulted in health authorities such as the American Academy of Pediatrics recommending that
parents not sleep with their infants.6 It is ironic that not only does blanket condemnation of bed sharing potentially make
parenting unnecessarily more difficult for some mothers, it also has the unintended
outcome of increasing deaths in places
other than beds, such as sofas.
In support of this model, multiple studies have shown the association between infant negative reactivity and later psychosocial
outcomes such as problem behaviour and self - regulation to be moderated by parental behaviour, so that highly reactive children fare better
than others when they experience optimal
parenting but worse
than others when they experience negative
parenting.41 - 46 Further support is found in studies indicating that interventions targeting parental attitudes and / or behaviours are particularly effective for children with a history of negative reactive temperament.47, 49
«There are diagnostic tests for some of these kinds of pathologies that can be performed during pregnancy, but
other than early detection, the expectant
parents are limited to two choices, either to abort or to continue with the pregnancy, being fully aware of the
outcome,» explains the North American scientist Travis Stracker.
Rather
than making state bureaucrats solely responsible for holding hundreds or thousands of schools to account, we can share this responsibility with those with the greatest stake in the final
outcome:
parents and
other adult caregivers.
In my research I have identified 34 different examples of charter school innovation, including small size; untenured teachers; contracts with
parents; real
parent and teacher involvement in school governance;
outcome -(rather
than input --RRB- based accreditation; service learning fully integrated into the curricula; unusual grade configurations; split sessions and extended school days and years to accommodate working students; and computer - assisted instruction for at - risk and
other frequently absent students.
For this to happen, legislators, educators,
parents, and the public must recognize that the civic dimension of our education system deserves more
than lip service, but should be subject to the same scrutiny as
other education
outcomes.
Despite the painfully bad educational
outcomes in many public schools in ghettos across the country, there are also cases where charter schools in the very same ghettos turn out students whose test scores are not only far higher
than those in
other ghetto schools, but sometimes are comparable to the test scores in schools in upscale suburban communities, where children come from intact families with highly educated
parents.
Because of their increased dropout rate, as well as societal stigma surrounding them and a number of
other factors, teenage
parents and their children are at risk of experiencing worse psychosocial and socioeconomic
outcomes than their peers (Kiselica & Pfaller, 1993; Coren et al., 2003).
After reviewing family research over the last decade, the issue's big takeaway, co-authored by Princeton sociologist Sara McLanahan and Brookings economist Isabel Sawhill, was this: Whereas most scholars now agree that children raised by two biological
parents in a stable marriage do better
than children in
other family forms across a wide range of
outcomes, there is less consensus about why.
One tactic might not necessarily have a better
outcome than the
other because there are also
other factors shaping a
parent's philosophy in dealing with the kids like culture or social influences.
In
other words, when children are exposed to positive attitudes, they will experience better
outcomes than children who see negative interactions between their
parents.
While some families appear to cope more easily
than others, there are compelling reasons to suggest that effective interventions may improve
outcomes for
parents and their families.
In almost all instances where mental health
outcomes were explored, children of
parents with BPD fared worse
than control children, even when these control children had
parents with significant mental health difficulties, for example, Weiss et al33 found that children of mothers with BPD (mean age around 11 years) had lower Child Global Assessment Schedule (CGAS) scores
than children of mothers with
other personality disorders, and that the mean of these scores was in the «non-functional» range.
The size of the CfC impacts on most
outcomes was small, but can be considered positive relative to what was observed in the early phase of the UK Sure Start evaluation.3 The current results are also comparable in size to those found in the later impact evaluation of the Sure Start programme, in which 3 - year - old children were exposed to mature SSLP throughout their entire lives.4 Reviews of the effectiveness of early childhood interventions have found that most studies reported effect sizes on
parenting and child
outcomes that were small to moderate.14 15 When comparing CfC and SSLP with
other interventions, it is important to remember that the evaluations of these interventions measured effects on an entire population, rather
than on programme participants, as is the case in the evaluation of many
other interventions.
For
other health
outcomes, associations were such that the odds of children experiencing highly negative
parenting (conflict and smacking) having poor health were 1.3 to 2.2 times higher
than those for children with low levels of negative
parenting.
For the
other health
outcomes, the odds of having poor health for children with low skill
parents ranged from being two to over four times higher
than for children with high skill
parents.
However, the findings suggest that the role of
parenting in reducing health inequalities may be greater for some health
outcomes and behaviours
than others.
At an overall level,
parenting skill was more strongly related to certain health
outcomes and behaviours
than others.
Other than fewer unrealistic expectations of their preschool children's behaviour, intervention
parents did not differ from controls on
parenting,
parent mental health or child behaviour
outcomes.
For example, negative
outcomes for children might impact on maternal well - being and on confidence levels in relation to their
parenting skills, rather
than the
other way round.
One of the reasons for negative child - rearing
outcomes in divorced homes in which there is something
other than sole authority in the custodial
parent, e.g. the variety of joint custody «solutions,» is precisely that at every turn, the authority of the head of the children's household IS in fact undermined.