The time - lag between changes in temperature and consequent changes in CO2 concentration are caused by
outgassing of CO2 from the oceans when they warm and uptake by the oceans as they cool.
A proposed solution to the first question involves
the outgassing of massive amounts of carbon dioxide by volcanoes, which could have warmed the planetary surface rapidly, especially given that major carbon dioxide sinks (rock weathering and photosynthesis) would have been dampened by a frozen Earth.
Strong AGW supporters on the other hand argue that while the sun may have caused the initial temperature spike and
outgassing of CO2 from the oceans, further temperature increases were caused by the increases in CO2.
One proposed solution to the first question involves
the outgassing of massive amounts of carbon dioxide by volcanoes, which could have warmed the planetary surface rapidly by enhancing the planet's so - called greenhouse effect, especially given that major carbon dioxide sinks (rock weathering and photosynthesis) would have been dampened by a frozen Earth.
That is without touching clathrates or considering
outgassing of melting permafrost, etc..
The emissions and their partitioning only include the fluxes that have changed since 1750, and not the natural CO2 fluxes (e.g., atmospheric CO2 uptake from weathering,
outgassing of CO2 from lakes and rivers, and
outgassing of CO2 by the ocean from carbon delivered by rivers) between the atmosphere, land and ocean reservoirs that existed before that time and still exist today.
He cites
the outgassing of Co2 from oceans on p. 68, and in a talk of his that has circulated.
Note that
outgassing of 90 ppm occurred as the last Ice Age ended and that was from warming of 6 - 8 C.
Willis,
the outgassing of water is not a linear function of temperature, although you can treat it as approximately linear in a small range of temperatures.
A small correction is made for differential
outgassing of O2 and N2 with the increased temperature of the ocean as estimated by Levitus et al. (2000).
However,
the outgassing of Ar and other inert gasses will be.
Web, the annual variation of CO2 is not due to
outgassing of the surface layer.
Let «X» be: Undersea volcanism;
Outgassing of the Tundra; Decay in the rainforests; Coal plants in China (see, that matches the increase — the rest of the world gets off scott free!)
CO2 was being increased by heating of the oceans and
outgassing of CO2 from them, not the other way around.
The very small amounts of methane on Mars are just
outgassing of methane left over when Mars was formed.
The correlation between CO2 and temperature over 400 million years is well known to be caused by
outgassing of warmer seas.
Temperature increase causes
outgassing of CO2 from the oceans same way your soda fizzles when warm and calms down when cold.
On longer term, this effect is countered by the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere: more CO2 in the atmosphere means a higher pCO2, thus a smaller difference in pCO2 over the warm oceans, thus reducing
the outgassing of CO2.
bozza @ 354, even emissions at 10 % of current rates would be sufficient to keep on increaseing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and ergo prevent net ocean
outgassing of CO2.
Iff we were to cut CO2 emissions in half tomorrow would we still go past 580ppm by 2100 due to possible
outgassing of the ocean?
See: http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/070047197 I agree with this theory and take it one step farther, that the gravity pattern changes are about roiling and
outgassing of CO2, which then changes conductivity patterns.
The observed CO2 increase in the world ocean disproves another popular #fakenews piece of the «climate skeptics»: namely that the CO2 increase in the atmosphere might have been caused by
the outgassing of CO2 from the ocean as a result of the warming.
In that context, gravity waves roil and depressurize the oceans, and that then leads to
outgassing of CO2 — it comes out of solution in the ocean and bubbles to the surface and their given capacitive couplings impacting pH runs back to ion form — which then impacts conductivity.
kim (1)-- Just so nobody is mislead by your maunderings, NOAA measures the uptake /
outgassing of the oceans.
Interesting study out on
the outgassing of CO2 from the northern Pacific to end the last glacial period:
Then posters like Mr. Benson in # 7 blithly exclaim, «Just so nobody is mislead by your maunderings, NOAA measures the uptake /
outgassing of the oceans».
Rising temperatures will cause
outgassing of CO2 from the oceans, but its C12 / C13 ratio will be that of the atmosphere when sinking thermohaline circulation took the CO2 from the atmosphere ~ 1600 years ago, which is different from fossil fuels.
Chatterjee et al 2017 (http://science.sciencemag.org/content/358/6360/eaam5776) in the current issue of Science used OCO - 2 and in - situ data to show that El Nino event reduced
outgassing of CO2 from tropical east Pacific in 2015, leading to anomalous sink.
Ground controllers detected a small amount of unexpected thrust coming from the sample carrier last year, and engineers determined the force was caused by
outgassing of water absorbed by the sample return capsule during launch preparations in Florida.
However, recent observations have confirmed the presence of a non-negligible amount of cold gas in the circumstellar (CS) debris discs around young main - sequence stars.This cold gas has been suggested to be related to
the outgassing of planetesimals and cometary - like objects.
Researchers at the Laboratoire de Physique et Mécanique des Milieux Hétérogènes (CNRS / ESPCI Paris / UPMC / Université Paris Diderot) studied the available images and modeled
the outgassing of vapor to try to explain the phenomenon.
When he became reactive to the almost imperceptible
outgassing of chemicals from his own computer, he switched to a Bluetooth keyboard and looked at his computer monitor through the porch window.
This was probably due to
outgassing of CO2 from the warming oceans and the reverse effect when they cooled.
Not exact matches
Atmospheric carbon dioxide derives from multiple natural sources including volcanic
outgassing, the combustion
of organic matter, and the respiration processes
of living aerobic organisms; man - made sources
of carbon dioxide come mainly from the burning
of various fossil fuels for power generation and transport use.
Further calculations by Catling and his team conclude that no abiotic methane sources on a rocky planet could produce enough
of the gas to counteract this process — whether it is volcanic
outgassing from a planet's interior, chemical reactions in hydrothermal vents, even asteroid impacts.
By breaking up petroleum into smaller droplets that dissolved faster in the deep ocean, the dispersants decreased the amounts
of volatile toxic compounds that rose to the surface and
outgassed into the air.
The measurements
of CO2 concentrations dissolved in the water compared to the satellite map
of vegetation showed a very strong correlation between the intensity
of CO2
outgassing and the area
of flooded vegetation and floating aquatic plants.
Rosetta captured its shadow on 67P's surface (sixth row, far left), along with evidence
of outgassing from the comet.
«Carbon dioxide would be strongly
outgassing as far out as the orbit
of Saturn,» twice the distance
of Jupiter, Meech says.
«We believe this could be some kind
of outgassing.»
Its oceans didn't develop for about a billion years, due to a thicker crust and lithosphere that delayed the start
of volcanic
outgassing.
«We've got a spacecraft on the way to Ceres, so we don't have to wait long before getting more context on this intriguing result, right from the source itself,» said Carol Raymond, the deputy principal investigator for Dawn at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. «Dawn will map the geology and chemistry
of the surface in high resolution, revealing the processes that drive the
outgassing activity.»
Beyond serving as a potentially important tool for dealing with coolant leaks, «the RGA should help give us a better understanding
of the space environment immediately outside the station — it can provide a good indication
of what's
outgassing from the surfaces
of the station,» Kowitt said.
Close observations
of glasses filled with sparkling wine, beer and soda revealed their visually appealing
outgassing to be surprisingly complex.
At a planetary science conference last week in Tucson, Arizona, members
of the orbiter's camera team presented images that showed arcs
of dust emanating from jets — a finding that could help them understand the mechanisms
of outgassing.
But Pepin and his colleagues realized that if another source
of solar gas were available — say, one trapped in Earth's mantle from the planet's early days — it could bring the elements back into balance as it
outgassed into the atmosphere.
But he notes that his model
of a planet acquiring and then
outgassing solar material is not dead yet.
Barnhart said the changes from dry to wet periods might have had to do with periods
of greenhouse - gas
outgassing associated with volcanic eruptions, large impacts, or a change in the tilt
of Mars» rotation, though all that remains to be studied further.
Faster sea floor spreading, presumably associated with more volcanic activity at subduction zones, and / or other increases in volcanic activity or geologic
outgassing, or faster oxidation
of exposed fossil organic C (as in shales)-- greater geologic CO2 emissions (I think another way
of looking at the inorganic part is that any given region
of sea floor has less time to accumulate carbonate minerals from chemical weathering, so that C reservoir could shrink while others, including the atmosphere, can grow).
An artist's impression
of the dwarf planet Ceres, which appears to have a water vapor atmosphere from
outgassing on the object.