Ovarian tissue refers to the cells and structures found in the ovaries, which are reproductive organs in the female body. This tissue plays a crucial role in fertility and the production of eggs (ova).
Full definition
Doctors have performed similar operations before and about 60 women have had their fertility restored with
frozen ovarian tissue since 2001.
The research means scientists can mature eggs at a much faster rate and can save
ovarian tissue from girls for later.
In the situation of this type of tumor, signs of heat are constant; they do not cycle as
with ovarian tissue.
Some cats actually grow
invisible ovarian tissue down the length of their ovarian ligament, which is cut during the spay surgery but not fully removed.
And although the researchers don't know what the chemicals are, they can identify a signature from cancer cells grown in culture that are different from
natural ovarian tissue cells.
One would think that if there is a remnant of
ovarian tissue in the spayed pet's abdomen, the surgeon must have left it behind.
Zelinski and her colleagues have found they can reliably thaw
ovarian tissue by placing it in a series of solutions with lower concentrations of sucrose, a medical - grade table sugar.
Philippa Taylor explained why she thought it was an encouraging discovery: «There could be real benefits for some people, particularly young girls or people who are going through cancer treatment or chemotherapy and that destroys any chance of having their own eggs and growing eggs cells so if you can
remove ovarian tissue, grow some egg cells outside the womb and implant them after the treatment then that could be very positive.»
Building on 30 years of research, this achievement outlines three fundamental steps that successfully took
ovarian tissue samples and nurtured them into human eggs to a point of full maturity.
Al Matrooshi had chemotherapy and a bone marrow transplant at Great Ormond Street in London to treat her blood condition before doctors in Denmark transplanted slivers of her unfrozen
ovarian tissue onto her left ovary, which had stopped working, and on to the side of her uterus.
The use of
fetal ovarian tissue for fertility purposes has been banned in the United Kingdom since 1994.
The process from beginning to end, starting with immature eggs
within ovarian tissue before reaching mature eggs in the final bottom right image (Credit: Prof Evelyn Telfer and Dr Marie McLaughlin, the University of Edinburgh)
The process from beginning to end, starting with immature eggs within
ovarian tissue before reaching mature eggs in the final bottom right image
A group in Edinburgh where this work has been pioneered in the UK has
ovarian tissue stored for many women, but as yet none have returned to have it reimplanted.
Activation and survival of ovarian follicles in vitro: the effects of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and / or cryopreservation on bovine and
feline ovarian tissue Presented by Lara Mouttham PhD Candidate Cornell - Smithsonian Joint Graduate Training Program Zoology and Wildlife Conservation Cornell University Ithaca, NY
Critser, who has transplanted elephant
ovarian tissue into mice and gotten the mice to produce elephant eggs, says that producing an embryo «is not so far - fetched.»
In July, a 33 - year - old woman in Edinburgh became the first in Britain to give birth after having frozen
ovarian tissue returned to her body.
ONPRC researchers also have been investigating two ways of maturing follicles from cryopreserved, thawed tissue: transplanting strips of
ovarian tissue back into a monkey's body, or growing the tissue in vitro by encapsulating individual follicles in a biomaterial that mimics an ovary.
Part of Zoloth's work concerns the complexities of deciding who should be permitted to
preserve ovarian tissue — solely cancer patients, individuals with less life - threatening diseases or anyone who wishes to do so.
In this study, researchers
analyzed ovarian tissue from populations of reproductively «young» (equivalent to women in their early twenties) and «old» mice (equivalent to women ages 38 - 45).
If the approach works in women it could be used to boost fertility or help those who froze
ovarian tissue prior to chemotherapy.
It brought forward publication of its report,
Donated Ovarian Tissue in Embryo Research & Assisted Conception.
The new transplant procedure might also enable healthy women to extend their childbearing years by
banking ovarian tissue when they are young.
Tal Biron - Shental, a gynecologist at Meir Hospital in Israel, also faced intense criticism when she described her team's attempts to
cultivate ovarian tissue from 22 - to 33 - week - old aborted fetuses.
Egg cells can also be preserved in their hundreds of thousands by
collecting ovarian tissue from reproductively active females that die in captivity and dunking it in liquid nitrogen.
It appears that some females possess
accessory ovarian tissue separate from the main ovary and this tissue becomes active only after the main ovaries are removed.
«Oocyte and embryo freezing are regarded as established,» he said, «but
ovarian tissue cryopreservation is considered experimental, although it is the only option for prepubertal girls.»
«The use of
fetal ovarian tissue for this purpose raises many social, ethical, legal, and scientific concerns,» says Suzi Leather, the chairwoman of Britain's Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority, a government agency that monitors the activities of fertility clinics.
That said,
feline ovarian tissue has been documented extending down the ovarian ligament, well outside the actual ovary but not visible to the naked eye.
The HFEA report had the same reason for opposing the use of fetuses, albeit in less emotive language: «The public... may feel an instinctive repugnance to the use
of ovarian tissue from these sources for research or fertility treatment.»
Sara Matthews, a consultant gynecologist at the Portland hospital, said that within three months of having
her ovarian tissue re-implanted, Al Matrooshi went from being menopausal to having the ovary function of a normal woman in her 20s.
Helen Picton, who oversaw the tissue - freezing at Leeds University, told the BBC that in Europe alone, several thousand girls and young women have had
ovarian tissue frozen and stored.
Her ovarian tissue is still frozen in liquid nitrogen in St. Paul, waiting for science to catch up.
In 2003, this technique helped Zelinski's team achieve the first live monkey birth using fresh (non-frozen)
ovarian tissue that had been transplanted near a monkey's abdomen.
This procedure is notably more challenging than suturing
ovarian tissue onto existing live tissue, but it addresses a critical medical need: Ovarian tissue can harbor cancer cells, particularly if the patient has a blood - borne cancer such as leukemia or lymphoma.
In some reproductively «old» mice, up to 35 percent of
the ovarian tissue was fibrotic.
113 cases specified the women's ages at the time when they froze
their ovarian tissue.