Sentences with phrase «over hundreds of millions of years»

These plates shift over hundreds of millions of years, striking different continental configurations along the way.

Having shown that IGF -1-deficient mice also live longer, Bartke's study suggested not only that these pathways are important in mammals, but that they might have been crucial in controlling life span in a range of creatures evolving over hundreds of millions of years from a common ancestor of worms and mammals, says Miller.

The first is an accumulation of algae and other microorganisms in shallow seas, like those that periodically formed as the continents drifted apart and moved together again over hundreds of millions of years.

In two papers in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, the scientists develop models showing that the stellar wind — the constant outpouring of charged particles that sweep out into space — could severely deplete the atmosphere of such planets over hundreds of millions of years, rendering them unable to host surface - based life as we know it.

Stored in fossil fuels (decayed plants), such as oil, natural gas, and coal Limited amounts of these fossils fuels b / c formed over hundreds of millions of years.

The redness of the surface was probably caused by cosmic irradiation over the hundreds of millions of years it has been traveling the Milky Way galaxy.

«The current results indicate that there has been no significant star formation in this large region over hundreds of millions of years,» co-author Giuseppe Bono said in the press release.

«I have read many studies and research papers that explain the current working theories and all of the evidence points away from a young earth and points to a 4.5 billion year old earth that has evolved complex organisms over hundreds of millions of years of which we are one.»

Small, rocky bodies may aggregate gradually over hundreds of millions of years, while nearby — maybe even around the same star — Jupiter - size objects pull together in just a few hundred years.

But the long - term side effects may be too much to bear, even if a larger ice cap could provide long - term insurance of a steadier climate as the sun brightens over hundreds of millions of years.

The spruces likely piled up duplicates of existing DNA sequences over hundreds of millions of years.

One of the most contentious debates in geoscience has centred on whether piles of rock in the deep mantle — to which plumes are anchored — have remained stationary, unaffected by mantle flow over hundreds of millions of years.

«On a continental scale, and we are talking about a line running right down the Rocky Mountains, we are seeing processes which are releasing the existing helium which has been built up deep underground over hundreds of millions of years.

«We studied sedimentary basins next to former volcanic arcs, which were eroded away over hundreds of millions of years,» said co-author Brian Horton, a professor in the Jackson School's Department of Geological Sciences.

These properties suggest that «Oumuamua is dense, composed of rock and possibly metals, has no water or ice, and that its surface was reddened due to the effects of irradiation from cosmic rays over hundreds of millions of years.

Moose, Kelly, and I snuggle up in a king - size bed before getting another early start to take a slight detour south and visit Arches National Park, a remarkable 120 square miles covered with elaborate entrada sandstone structures that have been eroded by rainwater over hundreds of millions of years.

Let's face it, Earth has experienced drastic short term and long term climate changes numerous times over hundreds of millions of years without any human activities and, whether we like it or not, the same will happen again.

It seems to me, in spite of the noise from the climate change skeptics, pretty simple: nature sequestered carbon over hundreds of millions of years, keeping the earth comfortable in spite of the very slow increase in the suns flux over those millennia, and now we are undoing all of nature's work in order to drive our economy.

Based on tectonic research over hundreds of millions of years, it appears the Earth is emerging from the last of four cool phases.

A lot of real scientists from around the world (including Canadian professors Tim Ball, Fred Michel and Ian Clark) who had studied the history of earth's weather over hundreds of millions of years, knew that climate graphs don't look like neat little hockey sticks, and they said so....

The fossil evidence is clear and unequivocal: life has evolved over hundreds of millions of years and putting your fingers in your ears and singing «LALALALALA» won't change that FACT.

Within a few centuries we are returning to the atmosphere and oceans the concentrated organic carbon stored in sedimentary rocks over hundreds of millions of years.

Currents of hot rock churning inside our planet have tended to pull all the continents together and then cast them apart again over hundreds of millions of years.

The space physicists noted that the stellar wind that blows from stars could deplete the atmosphere of such planets over hundreds of millions of years, eliminating liquid water that is vital for life as we know it.

As these life forms established themselves over some hundreds of millions of years, the luxuriant foliage formed layer after layer of organic matter, which was then buried in the crust of the earth to become fossil formations with enormous amounts of stored energy.

Blasting GM DNA into a plant arbitrarily and out of a sequence of genes that has evolved over hundreds of millions of years, in a manner aimed to optimise the functioning of an organism, is risky and unpredictable, and bound to destabilise the biochemistry of the plant.

«If these moons weren't working together, the A ring would have spread out over hundreds of millions of years,» says Cassini member Linda Spilker at the Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena, California, was not part of the research team.

And their flexible, intelligent arms are the envy of roboticists and artificial intelligence engineers worldwide.But these animals, which have evolved over hundreds of millions of years, can teach us even more about security in the 21st century than camo and communications, Rafe Sagarin argues in his new book Learning from the Octopus: How secrets from nature can help us fight terrorist attacks, natural disasters and disease (Basic Books, April 2012).

«Over hundreds of millions of years, these organisms have rained down onto the seafloor,» says Paul Falkowski, a Rutgers University biological oceanographer.

Over hundreds of millions of years, bright material has mixed with the dark material that forms the bulk of Ceres» surface, as well as debris ejected during impacts.

Over hundreds of millions of years, enormous plates of Earth's crust have drifted together and then apart.

«The remarkable process of evolution means that molecules that once had the same function can, over hundreds of millions of years, change to control such different processes as anxiety in humans and moulting in insects.

«The immune system of sharks and rays has been battle - tested and evolved over hundreds of millions of years,» said Mahmood Shivji.

However, over hundreds of millions of years these molecular fossils on Mars are subject to being destroyed or transformed to the point where they may no longer be recognized as biosignatures.

Over hundreds of millions of years, those little critters — or more precisely, their calcium - rich shells — were compressed into limestone.

Theoretical modeling has shown that, without forces to confine them, the rings would spread out over hundreds of millions of years — much younger than Saturn itself.

These structures have evolved over hundreds of millions of years to help us survive contamination of the blood stream by filtering out the bad stuff and excreting it through our urine and feces.

Over hundreds of millions of years, certain plants have developed highly effective defense mechanisms against potentially harmful insects.

Wilpena's rim consists of the stumps of mountains that were once as high as the Himalayas and have been eroded down over hundreds of millions of years.