Sentences with phrase «over less than a century»

Global temperature is much too easy to be a real test over less than a century.

Not exact matches

In the election of an African - American president less than a half - century after the end of official racial segregation in much of the country, these Americans see the triumph of the values enshrined in the US Constitution over America's legacy of social, political, and economic prejudice.

The drug at the heart of four lawsuits in New Jersey is insulin — «a century - old medicine that for most of its history cost $ 15 or less,» write Barrett and Langreth, but «whose list price has risen more than 270 percent over the past decade.»

Much common and statutory law has been erected over the centuries on the possibility that some of your family may love you less than they love your possessions.

Look at how much trouble less than a century of nuclear power has already caused on this planet... what are the chances of something more catastrophic happening with that and / or more powerful technologies that develop over the next several hundred years?

I could show you dozens of conflicts in translation mistakes over the centuries making the KJV far less than 100 % accurate to the original manuscripts.

That's way less time than it took the Cubs to win another World Series after their victory all the way back in 1908, so it's no surprise to see them acting like proud papa bears and showing off all these newborns who arrived in the world nine months after the Cubs finally closed the book on over a century of helplessness.

The city that less than a century ago was a fur - trading post known as Fort Garry was alive and throbbing last week with its birthday offering for Canada, the fifth Pan-American Games, and extraordinary charity was at work all over town.

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Ms. Duong noted that «The Cannon is named for Annie Jump Cannon, a pioneering American astronomer who classified the spectra of around 340,000 stars by eye over several decades a century ago — our code analyses that many stars in far greater detail in less than a day.»

«The climate transitions that we studied took place on millenial time scales, less than a thousand years, with some occurring over just decades to centuries,» Gibson says.

Realistic large - scale solar panel coverage could cause less than half a degree of local warming, far less than the several degrees in global temperature rise predicted over the next century if we keep burning fossil fuels.

The global mean temperature rise of less than 1 degree C in the past century does not seem like much, but it is associated with a winter temperature rise of 3 to 4 degrees C over most of the Arctic in the past 20 years, unprecedented loss of ice from all the tropical glaciers, a decrease of 15 to 20 % in late summer sea ice extent, rising sealevel, and a host of other measured signs of anomalous and rapid climate change.

Third, using a «semi-empirical» statistical model calibrated to the relationship between temperature and global sea - level change over the last 2000 years, we find that, in alternative histories in which the 20th century did not exceed the average temperature over 500-1800 CE, global sea - level rise in the 20th century would (with > 95 % probability) have been less than 51 % of its observed value.

Originally retailing for over $ 100, I snagged it for less than $ 20 at Century 21's massive sale going on right now.

20th Century Fox debuted the first trailer for its Freddie Mercury drama «Bohemian Rhapsody» to much hype from movie lovers and Queen fans (the YouTube video has over 1 million views in less than seven hours).

The participation of women in the labor force grew rapidly during the 20th century, from less than 20 percent of women in 1890 to well over 50 percent today.

CHICAGO — For the first time in a quarter century, Chicago teachers walked out of the classroom Monday, taking a bitter contract dispute over evaluations and job security to the streets of the nation's third - largest city — and to a national audience — less than a week after most schools opened for fall.

Bogle explains how less than 1 % of all mutual funds were able to beat the market consistently over the past half - century.

California Water Service Group has grown its dividends slowly, compounding them at a rate of less than 2 % over the last quarter century.

Current S&P 500 dividend yield is about 1.9 %, which is less than the typical 3 % historical average over the last century.

In less than a quarter century, Man Man had appeared in over 100 titles, but after the release of Mega Man 10, and creative leader Keiji Inafune announced he was leaving the company to begin work on new projects like Recore and Mighty No. 9.

The actual prevailing view of the paleoclimate research community that emerged during the early 1990s, when long - term proxy data became more widely available and it was possible to synthesize them into estimates of large - scale temperature changes in past centuries, was that the average temperature over the Northern Hemisphere varied by significantly less than 1 degree C in previous centuries (i.e., the variations in past centuries were small compared to the observed 20th century warming).

Thus the smoothed variation over the century should be less than what is shown, anyway without positive value (I have never heard of an inverse volcanic effect).

The results we obtained from various Australian time series were naturally considerably less extreme than this, but generally consistent with the warming trend observed over Australia during the 20th Century (reported on here).

Climate skeptics frequently predict that the real climate will warm less than climate models suggest it will over the next century.

Generally, the remaining uncorrected effect from urban heat islands is now believed to be less than 0.1 C, and in some parts of the world it may be more than fully compensated for by other changes in measurement methods.4 Nevertheless, this remains an important source of uncertainty.The warming trend observed over the past century is too large to be easily dismissed as a consequence of measurement errors.

Coupled models simulate much less warming over the 20th century in response to solar forcing alone than to greenhouse gas forcing (Cubasch et al., 1997; Broccoli et al., 2003; Meehl et al., 2004), independent of which solar forcing reconstruction is used (Chapter 2).

For the entire Northern Hemisphere, there is evidence of an increase in both storm frequency and intensity during the cold season since 1950,1 with storm tracks having shifted slightly towards the poles.2, 3 Extremely heavy snowstorms increased in number during the last century in northern and eastern parts of the United States, but have been less frequent since 2000.11,15 Total seasonal snowfall has generally decreased in southern and some western areas, 16 increased in the northern Great Plains and Great Lakes region, 16,17 and not changed in other areas, such as the Sierra Nevada, although snow is melting earlier in the year and more precipitation is falling as rain versus snow.18 Very snowy winters have generally been decreasing in frequency in most regions over the last 10 to 20 years, although the Northeast has been seeing a normal number of such winters.19 Heavier - than - normal snowfalls recently observed in the Midwest and Northeast U.S. in some years, with little snow in other years, are consistent with indications of increased blocking (a large scale pressure pattern with little or no movement) of the wintertime circulation of the Northern Hemisphere.5 However, conclusions about trends in blocking have been found to depend on the method of analysis, 6 so the assessment and attribution of trends in blocking remains an active research area.

The IPCC AR4 «projected» that it is «very unlikely» that warming would be less than 1.1 deg.C over the coming century, and said it is «very likely» that the rate of warming would be «2 deg.C per decade».

«Methane migration through the 1 - to 2 - km - thick geological formations that overlie the Marcellus and Utica shales is less likely as a mechanism for methane contamination than leaky well casings, but might be possible due to both the extensive fracture systems reported for these formations and the many older, uncased wells drilled and abandoned over the last century and a half in Pennsylvania and New York [where they did their study]... More research is needed across this and other regions to determine the mechanism (s) controlling the higher methane concentrations we observed.»

But the finalized rule — a revision of the Endangered Species Act — closes this loophole and limits the legal trade in elephant ivory only to antiques that are over a century old, as well as certain pre-existing manufactured products that contain less than 200 grams of ivory.

My opinion expressed elsewhere is that almost all the temperature changes we observe over periods of less than a century are caused by cyclical changes in the rate of energy emission from the oceans with the solar effect only providing a slow background trend of warming or cooling for several centuries at a time.

This means there is going to be a global push to reduce global warming to less than 2 ° C, and ideally below 1.5 ° C, over the next century.

manacker, it means that the proponents of natural variability have to find something with this exponential - like shape over the last century or so, or maybe it is a less than quarter - wavelength section of some new multi-century several - degree oscillation that hasn't been noticed before -LRB-?)

At the same time, it's less of a problem than some people like to claim, because it is a dynamic balance of competing processes, and it is one where we already have technological solutions, and are bound to develop even better ones over the coming century.

I do think that the comparison over a century matters a lot less than that for 20 years, if only because not many of us are likely still to be standing in a century from now, but that doesn't excuse my omission.

The researches thus «urge extreme caution in attributing short - term trends (i.e. over many decades and longer) in US tropical cyclone losses to anthropogenic climate change,» stating that «anthropogenic climate change signals are unlikely to emerge in US tropical cyclone losses on timescales of less than a century under the projections examined here.»

For example, if a paper were to say «the sun caused most of the global warming over the past century,» that would be included in the less than 3 % of papers rejecting or minimizing human - caused global warming.

That's a range of less than 10 ppmv over eight centuries.

It's a subtle argument, because aerosol cooling has clearly been less than greenhouse warming — if not, the planet wouldn't have gotten warmer over the last century.

This year's seemingly - staggering, 1 centimeter and counting, jump in sea level in less than one year, if maintained over the course of a century would result in a more than 1 meter global rise.

And the empirical facts of this particular «detective case» suggest something much less ominous than what they are predicting for earth's future with regard to the magnitude of sea level change over the remainder of the 21st century.

It has attributed less than 7 % of all climate forcing since pre-industrial days to «natural forcing components» (i.e. solar), conceding that its» level of scientific understanding» of» natural forcing components» (i.e. solar) is» low», whereas there are many independent studies, which attribute 50 % of the warming observed over the 20th century to the unusually high level of solar activity (highest in several thousand years).

He has also shown the effect of hurricanes of short duration, less than two or four days, on the trend of hurricanes over the past century.

Particularly when these events are much less dire than extremes we have already seen through natural variations over the last century.

The Arctic ice sheet is thinning, and most of the planet's glaciers are retreating as climates warm, so the Jakobshavn glacier is carrying less ice, at a faster rate, over shorter distances than ever before, and by the end of the century could have shifted 50 kilometres upstream.

While the enhancing effect of the increasing CO2 concentration on the greenhouse effect is logarithmic (i.e., increasing less than linearly), the increase in emissions over much of the 21st century is projected to be exponential (i.e., increasing more rapidly than linearly).

Prior to the changes in climate initiated by the Industrial Revolution, changes in global average temperature over the whole period of societal development were likely less than 0.5 ºC (about 1ºF); this is only about 10 - 20 % of the change projected for the 21st century.

N.b. this diverges from the commonly used «Charney sensitivity» which describes temperature change over the next century or so, and which is less than the change expected over the multi-millenial scale of dwindling ice sheets and vegetation changes.