Sentences with phrase «over shorter time scales»

From these, proxy temperature reconstructions of the last 2000 years have been performed for the northern hemisphere, and over shorter time scales for the southern hemisphere and tropics.

Sintering can take place at lower temperatures, over shorter time scales than for larger particles.

But earning and saving knocks spots of interest compounding over short time scales and is the only way to build up a relatively large fund for late starters, or late higher earners (same thing maybe).

My recollection is by this point in the book he'd had to substitute a proxy scaled market, and argue for the applicability of the measures over short time scales, so this suggests to me a major re-jig of my portfolio would be premature.

Over the short time scales considered, the model uncertainty is larger than the uncertainty coming from the choice of emission scenario; for sea level it completely dominates the uncertainty (see e.g. the graphs in our Science paper).

Theory does nt say its dominant over short time scales.

Theory doesn't say its dominant over short time scales».

Of course Steven Mosher [and to a lesser extent Theory] says it is dominant over short time scales.

Here Morton's technological optimism is at its strongest: arguments that geoengineering could not be controlled — even those backed by scientific experimentation — are pushed aside, if favor of the implicit utopian belief that SAI could be fine - tuned to minimize harms (even though the effects are almost impossible to attribute — especially over short time scales).

Not exact matches

What it does prove is small scale, reversible population variations over short windows of time.

However, evolutionary theory does not consider such short time scales, but rather developmental changes occurring over millions of years.

Chip - scale atomic clocks keep time well enough for many applications requiring timing synchronization over short periods, such as GPS receivers.

One possibility is that the short time scales over which Wolf 1061c's orbit changes could be enough that it could actually cool the planet off, Kane said.

This scale is designed to capture subtle changes in insight over a short period of time.

«I think this study also illustrates the eye - opening sensitivity of marine phytoplankton and bacteria to very minor additions of scarce micro-nutrients over very short — hourly — time scales,» said Erin Bertrand, a former JCVI and SIO researcher and Division of Polar Programs» post-doctoral fellow, who is now an assistant professor at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

«Large - scale data analyses generate insights about people — their mood, goals, intentions, health, and well - being — over both short and long periods of time,» he says.

«What this tells us is over a relatively short time on an evolutionary time scale, on the order of five million years, you get tremendous variation in the DNA of two similar organisms,» Perna notes.

If current coal reserves are burned on a time scale short compared to time scales for carbon storage, then CO2 concentrations will go over 400 ppm rather easily.

The increased risk of further heat waves (intensive heat over relatively short time scales) as well as exposure to warmer temperatures over the longer term, suggest that recovery will depend on thermally - resistant individuals that may trade - off high temperature tolerance with other important attributes such as nutritional value or rapid growth.

CIRELLI: Another task for the future is to bridge the gap between animal studies, in which we look at memory over very short time scales, perhaps 24 hours, and human studies.

Serving over 2.5 million learners, the Elucidat authoring platform is used by hundreds of customers, solving the challenges organizations face when creating digital learning at scale, with software and services that enable them to create highly effective courses in the shortest time and at the lowest cost.

- the game's shading mechanism has changed, which allows for increased gear texture quality - all graphical aspects and programming mechanisms have been built up from scratch for this sequel - maximum resolution is 1080p in TV mode - a bigger focus for Nintendo was the 60 frames per second - occasionally the resolution will be scaled down when there is too much ink displaying on the screen - Nintendo reduced the CPU load and refined the way to use CPU power effectively to maintain 60 fps in all matches - weapons were tweaked to let players be more creative by thinking about unique weapon characteristics and their best uses - weapons are designed to be effective when they are used during the right occasion - Special weapons are stronger than the original ones when used in the right situation, but weaker otherwise - the damage and effect of slowing down your movement when you step in the opponent's ink are reduced from original - you can jump up in rank if you're good enough, but only up until S - you can't jump up from C, B or A to S + - when you win battles in Ranked mode, the Ranked meter fills and your rank goes up when its fully filled - when you lose a battle, the gauge does not decrease, but the meter starts to crack - once the meter reaches its limit, it breaks - when the meter breaks, you have to start over again from the beginning or from a lower rank - highest rank is still S +, but if you fill up the Ranked meter, you get numbers after the alphabet such as «S +1», «S +2» and so on - maximum number is «S +50», but this number will not be displayed to your opponent - you are the only one to see it, and you can check it on your own status screen - Ranked Power is calculated by an algorithm to measure how strong each player is with minuteness - this will determine if a player's rank is worthy of receiving a big jump (like from «C» to «A»)- Ranked Power has no relation to your splat rate, and is more tied into to how well you lead your team to victory - you won't drop off more than one rank even if you play poorly - stage rotation time was changed to two hours - this was done because the devs expected people to play for an hour or so, but they found people play much longer - with Salmon Run, Nintendo considered how to implement a co-op oriented mode in a player - versus - player type of game - the devs will monitor how users are playing this mode to see if there's some tweaks they can throw in - more Salmon Run maps will be added in the future, but Nintendo wouldn't comment on adding more enemy types to the mode - rewards are changed each time Salmon Run is played - you can obtain rewards when playing locally, but not gear - originally Nintendo had an idea for this mode, but had no background setting, enemy designs, etc. - Inoue suggested that it should be salmon - themed - when Nintendo hosted the Splatfest that pit Callie against Marie, the development of Splatoon 2 had started - the devs had already decided to have the result reflected in the sequel - they even had an idea to announce the Splatfest with a phrase «Your choice will change the next Splatoon» - the timing to announce a sequel wasn't right, so they decided against this - they eventually released a series of short stories about the Squid Sisters to show how the Splatfest affected the sequel's story - Nintendo wouldn't say if Marina is an Octoling, and noted that Inklings are not paying attention to this too much - Inklings don't care about appearances, as long as everyone is doing something fresh - the Squid Sisters had composers who produced their songs, but Off the Hook are composing their music by themselves - Pearl is genius artist, but she couldn't find a right partner because she's a bit too edgy - she eventually found Marina as a partner though, and their chemistry is sparkling right now - Nintendo is planning a year of content updates for Splatoon 2 - when finished, the quantity of stages will be more than the original - some of the additional stages are totally new and some will be arranged stages from the first game - not all original stages will return and they are choosing stages based on the potential for them to be improved - Brella is shotgun-esque weapon, so the ink hits your opponent more if you are closer - it can shield damage when you open it, but the amount of damage has a limit and once it reaches it, it breaks - you can shoot ink, but you can't use the shield feature when it breaks - the shield won't prevent your allies ink - there are more new weapon categories which haven't been revealed yet - there are no other ranked modes outside of the three current options - the future holds any sort of possibility, but the devs didn't get specific about adding more content like that - for the modes, they adjusted the rule designs so that players will experience the more interesting aspects

Forecasts can only be tested against future temperatures over time scales sufficiently long to be largely outside the range of shorter term variability.

For variability on a long time scale, the effect is generally constant over a short time period (such as Milankovitch cycles).

If you are of the opinion that temperature variability on a short time scale is insignificant, how can we declare as fact that the rise in global temperature over the past 50 years is incontrovertibly tied to the increase in CO2 levels?

On short time - scales, 1990's CO2 emissions contribute over half the direct effects of 1990's total GHG emissions, and methane almost 30 %.

LTP / ocean upwelling can generate low - frequency anomalies that look like increasing trends over very short (relative to ocean circulation) time scales.

The oceans influence climate over long and short time - scales.

Global Temperature is an example of a bulk property, and it does indeed average out over sufficient time scales; hence showing that whatever chaos, spatio - temporal or otherwise, is present in the system on short timescales it does not affect our longer term predictions.

It's true that climate varies naturally over both short and long time - scales, but it's possible to distinguish natural climate change from human caused climate change.

BartH notes that «At relatively short time scales (say, a couple of decades), natural variability will dominate over systematic climate change, and there is more added value to expect from ensuring that the projections reflect natural variability adequately than to assess the degree to which the background climate changes.»

It doesn't mean that there can't be any natural variability that appears as wobbles in the temperature record (or in other climate variables), masking the multi-decadal temperature trend over a time scale shorter than 20 years with the effect that the longer term trend is not statistically detectable in the time series, if one chooses the time period only short enough.

Jan Perlwitz says:» It doesn't mean that there can't be any natural variability that appears as wobbles in the temperature record (or in other climate variables), masking the multi-decadal temperature trend over a time scale shorter than 20 years with the effect that the longer term trend is not statistically detectable in the time series, if one chooses the time period only short enough.»

As far as observed «negative net overall cloud feedback with warming» (on relatively short time scales over the tropics) see Spencer & Braswell.

For instance, Emanuel, 2011 (Abstract; Google Scholar access) suggests that a global warming signal could become statistical significant sometime over the next century or two, and that there could be some indications on time scales as short as 25 years.

Land use changes, fallen trees and heavy rain circulating round the valley can deposit vast quantities of water over a small area and a short time scale.

By the dominance of stochastics I mean that they vary in a way that allows for stable averaging over reasonably short periods, while weak stochasticity might allow for the formation of peristent attaractors that make avaraging almost irrelavant over wide range of time scales.

If a scientist and in particular climate scientists don't understand the wide swings that do occur in data over short multidecadal time scales then how can they be trusted with understanding the large climatic swings on longer millenia time scales or vise - versa.

http://multi-science.metapress.com/content/k3xg21881l4k0161/ The paper shows that locally and globally measured data, collected over short and long time scales, prove that the claim of sea level sharply accelerating is false.

Weather changes on short time scales; climate over long ones.

Forecasts can only be tested against future temperatures over time scales sufficiently long to be outside the range of shorter term variability.

The sensitivity he then derives is projected back using the 0.8 deg C warming over the 20th C. However, this is ludicrous — the sensitivity in the recent period can't be more than say, 1 ppmv per 0.1 deg C. Projected back you would have say a 10 ppmv (max) change over the 20th C. Paleo - climate constraints demonstrate that CC feedback even on really long time scales is not more than 100 ppmv / 6 deg C (i.e. 16 ppmv / deg C), and over shorter time periods (i.e. Frank et al, 2010) it is more like 10 ppmv / deg C. Salby's sensitivity appears to be 10 times too large.

The glacial - interglacial cycles are an example of tight coupling between climate and the carbon cycle over long time scales, but there is also clear evidence of the carbon cycle responding to short - term climatic anomalies such as the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Arctic Oscillation (Rayner et al., 1999; Bousquet et al., 2000; C. Jones et al., 2001; Lintner, 2002; Russell and Wallace, 2004) and the climate perturbation arising from the Mt. Pinatubo volcanic eruption (Jones and Cox, 2001a; Lucht et al., 2002; Angert et al., 2004).

Based on all this uncertainty and the blind spot we have with putting things into a historical context, it seems difficult to understand how we can attribute warming to mostly man with such certainty when measured over such a short time scale.

Gavin writes «Paleo - climate constraints demonstrate that CC feedback even on really long time scales is not more than 100 ppmv / 6 deg C (i.e. 16 ppmv / deg C), and over shorter time periods (i.e. Frank et al, 2010) it is more like 10 ppmv / deg C. Salby's sensitivity appears to be 10 times too large.»

«The figure clarifies that internal climate variability over a short decadal or 15 - year time scale is at least as important as the forced climate changes arising from greenhouse gas emissions.»

Even though the projections from the models were never intended to be predictions over such a short time scale, the observations through 2012 generally fall within the projections made in all past assessments.

If the sea level response to a change in temperature is an exponential decay to equilibrium then given that the 0.8 C temperature increase since pre-industrial times occurred over a relatively short time period relative to time scale of the ice - albedo feedback, the expected rate of sea level rise should be approximately 3 m / C * 0.8 C / 560 y = 43 cm per century.

It is an active phase changing player storing and redistributing both heat energy and cooling all over the globe in very short time scales.

In an email to the Bitcoin Core Dev team, Garzik postulated that by not scaling bitcoin and instead pushing for higher transaction fees, it would create an economic change event, which «is a period of market chaos, where large changes to prices and sets of economic actors occurs over a short time period.»