of torque from its 3.0 L turbocharged V6 engine and paired to a ZF ® 8 - speed automatic transmission, the Td6 offers strong performance and increased efficiency
over gas models both during normal driving and while towing.4
It's great that Toyota made the Hybrid available with a 2nd row bench seat again and dropped the price of entry / premium
over gas model, but they still missed a few tricks in my opinion.
Not exact matches
One positive result: GE's
gas turbine business shifted its
model from selling upgrades
over time to committing to future changes upfront, a customer - friendly approach.
«More than 1,400 researchers and stakeholders worldwide use the DNDC
Model on
over 40 agricultural crops to assess the effects of various management practices on greenhouse
gas emissions,» said Allison Jordan, CSWA executive director.
Over the past forty years, the ice cover in summer has shrunk by more than half, with climate
model simulations predicting that the remaining half might be gone by mid-century unless greenhouse
gas emissions are reduced rapidly.
In one
model of galaxy formation, large black holes already existed; then,
gas spiraling into each hole powered quasars, while more distant
gas collapsed inward
over billions of years to form the galaxy's stars.
A few of the main points of the third assessment report issued in 2001 include: An increasing body of observations gives a collective picture of a warming world and other changes in the climate system; emissions of greenhouse
gases and aerosols due to human activities continue to alter the atmosphere in ways that are expected to affect the climate; confidence in the ability of
models to project future climate has increased; and there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming observed
over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.
Rather than using complex computer
models to estimate the effects of greenhouse -
gas emissions, Lovejoy examines historical data to assess the competing hypothesis: that warming
over the past century is due to natural long - term variations in temperature.
O'Gorman studied daily snowfall across the Northern Hemisphere using 20 different climate
models, each of which projected climate change
over a 100 - year period, given certain levels of greenhouse
gas emissions.
Our general circulation
model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds
over the Indian Ocean and Asia3, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse
gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends.
Scientists have
modelled the expected temperature drop
over the 21st century due to waning solar activity — and they found that the change is likely to be dwarfed by the much bigger warming effect of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere.
Known as a «co-benefit,» using state of the art
models for human and natural systems, along with climate projections from the international community, the team was able for the first time to put a value on the global air pollution benefits of cutting greenhouse
gas emissions
over the 21st century.
Alright, let me be honest and tell you a few things that I dislike about this car: -
Gas Mileage (Hyundai claims it gives you 25 mpg in the city, which is not true, I get not more than 23 mpg in the city for sure)- Traction Control (The traction can not handle the acceleration and the wheels would start spinning, even on the dry roads, not sure what to blame)- USB port - The built in USB port does not support android, at least not in my case, therefore I have to rely on Bluetooth or AUX)- Dull Alloy Wheels - The dullness of alloy wheels for the SE trim does not compliment the car
over all, but eh, I can't complain much as it is a BASE
model Now, the things I absolutely love about this car: - Great Turn Radius - Beautiful LED lights (even with base
model)- Highway mileage (35 mpg even driving at 75 miles an hour, you might get better than 37 mpg if you drive at 55 miles an hour)- Spacious trunk - Great leg room for rear seats - Just enough power to accelerate quickly and merge on to the highways / freeways - Amazing Brakes - Sports, ECO and Normal Mode (For those who do not know, once switched to SPORTS mode, the car's steering becomes stiff as well as the engine along with the help of transmission helps you accelerate the car faster, you actually feel like driving a sports car.
Again, as Graham mentions above, the hybrid version of the RX carries a hefty price premium
over the normal
gas model, so the cost savings at the
gas pump argument may not ring true until years down the road.
Its 2.0 - liter
gas I4 now makes 148 horsepower and 146 pound - feet of torque, a 2 - hp boost
over last year's
model.
Changes to improve fuel economy begin with the normally aspirated 286 horsepower V6
gas engine carried
over from the previous
model.
But what puts this Range Rover
over the top for me is its diesel engine, which is a practical and enjoyable power train choice compared with the
model's
gas offerings.
Both
gas - powered engines are carried
over from the pre-face-lift
model and mated to a six - speed automatic transmission.
Things will feel slightly different
over different
models, the smaller cabs and 2x4 will feel more «nimble» than the 4x4 crew cab, but the motors, both
gas and diesel, have the power to lug these monsters around sufficiently.
(The 2012
model tested is
over 300 pounds lighter but obtains poorer
gas mileage.
The 2018 Honda Accord Hybrid features all the goodness of the all -
gas model, but with even better fuel economy and one huge improvement
over the previous - generation Accord Hybrid.
The all - new Pacifica
model lineup also boasts
over 100 standard and optional safety features, class - leading
gas and hybrid powertrains, and even an all - new Uconnect ® Theater entertainment system.
Green mode conserves energy by muting air conditioning use, and in automatic transmission
models it offers a coasting function at speeds
over 31 mph, which decouples the drivetrain when the driver takes his foot off the
gas.
The E-Hybrid's
gas engine is a supercharged, 3.0 - liter V6 unit, and paired with the electric motor, total output is 416 horsepower — more than 100 horsepower
over the Panamera's base
model.
Realistically look at your driving needs then make your choice — you can't go wrong either way; in fact, the only questionable purchase may be a regular Avalon
over the hybrid when the
gas / electric
model is this good and so reasonably priced.
That's about a 40 percent improvement in the city and a 5 percent improvement on the highway
over the
gas - powered Hemi
model.
This is one fine car to drive for comfort and handling.From the very nice seating to the fine quiet ride, the limited Elantra is always an enjoyable ride, on city streets or highway driving, its a great enjoyable ride.The
gas mileage is 25 city 39 highway and very good performance.Very quiet and a very solid feel
over all kinds of roads.Visibility and safety are great and the radio really sounds high end.There is a roomy and comfortable rear seat thats easy getting in and out.Steering is also an improvement
over earlier
models which gives me a confident feel.Overall for the class I think this car ranks right at the top.
The later 1.5 liter American - market CRX HF (high fuel economy)
model (chassis codes EC1 and AF) could also reliably achieve very good
gas mileage, more than a decade before
gas - electric hybrids appeared on the market, and at no price premium
over the base
model; the 1.5 liter is rated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)(under the new rating system) at 42 miles per U.S. gallon (5.6 l / 100 km; 50 mpg ‑ imp) city and 51 miles per U.S. gallon (4.6 l / 100 km; 61 mpg ‑ imp) highway.
Vehicle /
model: 2008 Dodge Dakota TRX4 Base price: $ 30,390 Engine: 4.7 L SOHC 16 - valve SMPI V - 8 Max hp & torque (lb - ft): 302/329 Transmission (s): 5 - 45RFE five - speed automatic Transfer case (s): NV233HD (part time), NV244HD (full - time) Low range ratio: 2.72:1 Frame type: Ladder Suspension f / r: Independent, upper and lower A-arms, coil springs
over gas - pressure shock absorbers, link - type stabilizer bar / Live axle, multileaf two - stage longitudinal springs, staggered
gas - pressure shock absorbers Ring - and - pinion: 3.92:1 Max crawl ratio: 32:1 Steering: Power rack - and - pinion Brakes f / r: 12.3 x1.1 vented rotor, dual - piston sliding caliper / 11.6 x2.28 drum Wheels: 16x8 aluminum Tires: P265 / 70R16 OWL Rugged Trail Wheelbase (in): 131.3 Length (in): 218.5 Height (in): 68.7 Base curb weight (lb): 4,782 Approach / departure angles (deg): 21.9 / 22.6 Minimum ground clearance (in): 7.9 GVWR (lb): 6,010 Max cargo volume (cu.
Also available in a 3.7 - liter V6 version, and 2.0 - liter EcoBoost version, Lincoln's hybrid version is the first hybrid offered without a price premium
over the base
model, and it has nearly all options available on it that are available on the
gas versions..
According to VW, the hybrid powertrain increases fuel economy by four mpg
over the
gas - only
model and three mpg compared to the diesel.
Powertrain improvements also provide a 10 percent gain in trunk space, along with the ability to run in all - electric mode at up to 75 mph, and a plug - in
model will serve up a 22 - mile all - electric driving range (after which the car's
gas engine takes
over).
The well - regarded 1.4 - liter TSI turbocharged four - cylinder carries
over to the seventh - generation
model, making 147 horsepower and 184 lb - ft of torque, but a brace of new transmissions arrive to bump the compact sedan's fuel economy to new (
gas - powered) heights.
Gas supply
models over the last 50 years have been consistently wrong.
Unprecedented amounts of greenhouse
gases (at least
over the last few hundred thousand years) continue to accumulate in the atmosphere and the global climate (land surface, ocean, glaciers, stratosphere) continues to respond as predicted by theory and
models.
The disagreement comes only
over Berkeley Earth's use of a simple
model fitting the temperature record for the past 250 years to human CO2 emissions and volcanoes to conclude that the best explanation for the observed warming is greenhouse
gas emissions.
The study, combining ground and aerial sampling of the
gas with computer
modeling, is the most comprehensive «top down» look so far at methane levels
over the United States, providing a vital check on «bottom up» approaches, which have tallied estimates for releases from a host of sources — ranging from livestock operations to
gas wells.
[T] he last 10 to 15 years «make it more plausible that the size of climate response to greenhouse
gas increase is on the lower side of what
models have been projecting
over the last 10 or 20 years rather than
over the high side.»
The committee's
model calculations, while exploratory and highly uncertain, indicate that the benefits of making the transition, i.e. energy cost savings, improved vehicle technologies, and reductions in petroleum use and greenhouse
gas emissions, exceed the additional costs of the transition
over and above what the market is willing to do voluntarily.»
Others include, the role of the Sun (being the main heat source), the vast oceans which cover
over 70 % of the Earth's surface (and the natural factors which determine the storage and release of CO2 back into the atmosphere), water - vapour being the dominant greenhouse
gas comprising 98 % of the atmosphere, the important role of low - level clouds which is thought to be a major factor in determining the natural variation of climate temperatures (P.S. Significantly, computer -
models are unable to replicate cloud - formation and coverage — which again — injects bias into
model).
In response to increased trace
gases, all replicated the qualitative response seen in other coupled ocean - atmosphere
models: greater warming
over land than ocean and maximum warming at high northern latitudes in winter.
Our general circulation
model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds
over the Indian Ocean and Asia, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse
gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends.
As far as 2010 being the warmest year ever, this seems quite unlikely by hadley measurements but would be rather meaningless even if it were since the argument isn't
over are we warming or is co2 a greenhouse
gas but rather do the
models overstate the feedbacks.Besides, it does clearly state ENSO adjusted does it not?
Coupled
models simulate much less warming
over the 20th century in response to solar forcing alone than to greenhouse
gas forcing (Cubasch et al., 1997; Broccoli et al., 2003; Meehl et al., 2004), independent of which solar forcing reconstruction is used (Chapter 2).
This rise is larger and probably faster than any such change
over the past 9,000 years.Climate
models are far from perfect, and they rely on projections of future greenhouse
gas emissions that are far from certain.
There may be temporary imbalances, but they must average out
over time.In an «equilibrium - response» experiment, scientists begin by setting up a climate
model with concentrations of greenhouse
gases (GHGs) at their present real - world levels.
However,
models would need to underestimate variability by factors of
over two in their standard deviation to nullify detection of greenhouse
gases in near - surface temperature data (Tett et al., 2002), which appears unlikely given the quality of agreement between
models and observations at global and continental scales (Figures 9.7 and 9.8) and agreement with inferences on temperature variability from NH temperature reconstructions of the last millennium.
And there was this: «By using a worldwide agricultural
model to estimate emissions from land - use change,» Timothy Searchinger of Princeton and other researchers reported in 2008, «we found that corn - based ethanol, instead of producing a 20 percent savings, nearly doubles greenhouse emissions
over 30 years and increases greenhouse
gases for 167 years.»
Utterly wrong: the computer climate
models on which predictions of rapid warming from enhanced atmospheric greenhouse
gas concentration cowdungare based «run hot,» simulating two to three times the warming actually observed
over relevant periods
Over the last three decades, five IPCC «assessment reports,» dozens of computer
models, scores of conferences and thousands of papers focused heavily on human fossil fuel use and carbon dioxide and greenhouse
gas emissions, as being responsible for «dangerous» global warming, climate change, climate «disruption,» and almost every «extreme» weather or climate event.