The ice - covered area increases in autumn at times when passing weather systems drive ice away from land, or induce low - level
divergence over open ocean.
It took a while after the discovery of the ice ages before anyone realized that glaciers don't
form over open ocean: the pack ice at the North Pole is a few meters thick.
Another benefit of the animations is that they are also useful wind - tracers of the middle
atmosphere over the open oceans, where there are no weather balloons.
Hurricane winds whip up high
waves over the open ocean, but their heights are notoriously hard to measure because the rough seas inevitably rip the standard buoy instruments loose from their moorings before the peak of the storm.
If so, then north and south look inherently different to migratory birds, and even when
flying over open ocean on a starless night, they may use that distinction to stay on course.
From a technology perspective, satellites were just beginning to collect vessel
positions over the open ocean, and the «global coverage» was spotty.
Over the open ocean RL04 has errors of ~ 1 - 2 cm for 750 km Gaussian - smoothed data, whereas RL05 has errors of ~ 0.5 - 1.5 cm.
I question whether using SST as a proxy for
tas over the open ocean has caused any downward bias in estimation of TCR in the real climate system, or even (to any significant extent) in CMIP5 models.
However, because tropical storms and hurricanes spend much of their
lifetime over the open ocean - some never hitting land - many systems were «missed» during the late 19th and early 20th Centuries (Vecchi and Knutson 2008).
Chowdhary, J., M.I. Mishchenko, and L.D. Travis, 2006: Contribution of water - leaving radiances to multiangle, multispectral polarimetric
observations over the open ocean: Bio-optical model results for case 1 waters.
This minimum temperature can be related to convective
activity over open ocean and suggest the presence of an active regulation mechanism.
The Minimum Central Pressure, being 879 millibars, was off the charts, then for the hurricane to move in, over Western Mexico is somewhat uncommon, as the majority of storms steering patterns move the systems westerly
out over the open ocean.
The remaining 9 percentage points are due to HadCRUT4 blending air and sea surface temperature (SST) data, and arise partly from water warming less than
air over the open ocean and partly from changes in sea ice redistributing air and water measurements.
Paul, it is global SAT, but I'm pretty sure that using
SST over the open ocean wouldn't have changed it non-negligibly (though I haven't actually checked).
The early Falcon 9 booster landing attempts were
over the open ocean, with the rockets either slamming into the sea hard, or hovering over the waves before tipping over.
Conducted in 1999, INDOEX exploited a unique occurrence during the winter monsoon in which air currents carry pollutants from India and Southeast Asia in a southern direction out
over the open ocean.