Not exact matches
The fact that the
effects were largest for teachers who, presumably, received more critical
feedback and for those with the most room for improvement strengthens our confidence in the causal interpretation of the
overall results.
Focusing on secondary level education, frequent
feedback from teachers on shorter homework tasks has a larger impact upon progress, open - ended projects require time and have a lower
effect on
overall progress.
I assume the
overall effect would be a positive
feedback.
Observations of the humidity in the upper troposphere and its relation with sea surface temperature in areas of deep convection point to an
overall positive climate
feedback by water vapour in the upper troposphere, which is inconsistent with the Iris
effect.
Spencer + Braswell have shown that over the tropics on a shorter - term basis, the net
overall feedback from clouds with warming is negative; this is largely due to an increase in reflection of incoming radiation by increased clouds with a smaller
effect from the reduction of energy trapping high altitude clouds, which slow down outgoing radiation by absorbing and re-radiating energy.
The
overall effect can be to increase the output (positive
feedback) or to reduce the output (negative
feedback) in comparison with the situation where the
feedback is prevented.
If we have concerns over how much CO2
effects the flux, which makes it an
overall climate response or
feedback parameter, then we might also consider the uncertainty in the 3.7 number.
It is believed that the
overall effect of the
feedbacks amplifies the temperature increase to 1.5 to 4.5» C.
However, there are several other
effects which need to be measured and taken into account to determine whether this extra energy input will cause an
overall positive
feedback (and accelerated melting) or whether it will be counted by other
effects.
and there are several other
effects which need to be measured and taken into account to determine whether this extra energy input will cause an
overall positive
feedback
there are several other
effects which need to be measured and taken into account to determine whether this extra energy input will cause an
overall positive
feedback (and accelerated melting) or whether it will be counted by other
effects.
To point out just a couple of things: — oceans warming slower (or cooling slower) than lands on long - time trends is absolutely normal, because water is more difficult both to warm or to cool (I mean, we require both a bigger heat flow and more time); at the contrary, I see as a non-sense theory (made by some serrist, but don't know who) that oceans are storing up heat, and that suddenly they will release such heat as a positive
feedback: or the water warms than no heat can be considered ad «stored» (we have no phase change inside oceans, so no latent heat) or oceans begin to release heat but in the same time they have to cool (because they are losing heat); so, I don't feel strange that in last years land temperatures for some series (NCDC and GISS) can be heating up while oceans are slightly cooling, but I feel strange that they are heating up so much to reverse global trend from slightly negative / stable to slightly positive; but, in the end, all this is not an evidence that lands» warming is led by UHI (but, this
effect, I would not exclude it from having a small part in temperature trends for some regional area, but just small); both because, as writtend, it is normal to have waters warming slower than lands, and because lands» temperatures are often measured in a not so precise way (despite they continue to give us a global uncertainity in TT values which is barely the instrumental's one)-- but, to point out, HadCRU and MSU of last years (I mean always 2002 - 2006) follow much better waters» temperatures trend; — metropolis and larger cities temperature trends actually show an increase in UHI
effect, but I think the sites are few, and the covered area is very small worldwide, so the global
effect is very poor (but it still can be sensible for regional
effects); but I would not run out a small warming trend for airport measurements due mainly to three things: increasing jet planes traffic, enlarging airports (then more buildings and more asphalt — if you follow motor sports, or simply live in a town / city, you will know how easy they get very warmer than air during day, and how much it can slow night - time cooling) and
overall having airports nearer to cities (if not becoming an area inside the city after some decade of hurban growth, e.g. Milan - Linate); — I found no point about UHI in towns and villages; you will tell me they are not large cities; but, in comparison with 20-40-60 years ago when they were «countryside», many small towns and villages have become part of larger hurban areas (at least in Europe and Asia) so examining just larger cities would not be enough in my opinion to get a full view of UHI
effect (still remembering that it has a small global
effect: we can say many matters are due to UHI instead of GW, maybe even that a small part of measured GW is due to UHI, and that GW measurements are not so precise to make us able to make good analisyses and predictions, but not that GW is due to UHI).
Climate models that include the dynamics of the carbon cycle suggest that the
overall effect of carbon - climate interactions is a positive
feedback.
Recently there have been some studies and comments by a few climate scientists that based on the slowed global surface warming over the past decade, estimates of the Earth's
overall equilibrium climate sensitivity (the total amount of global surface warming in response to the increased greenhouse
effect from a doubling of atmospheric CO2, including amplifying and dampening
feedbacks) may be a bit too high.
But if they found a small negative or positive
feedback without specifying the
overall effect on warming, then it would be put as no position.