However, Mainou noted that «the
certainty in this
lack of association is low, mainly due to increased heterogeneity and high
overall risk
of bias» in the results.
It should be questioned whether increasing confusion surrounding European data protection law may lead to businesses
lacking certainty over exactly what national laws they should comply with and consumers being less well protected
overall (That said, the difficulty presented by pan-European variations in data protection law may be less
of an issue once the GDPR has introduced more conformity).