The use of a 15 % threshold on sea ice concentration captures greater detail within the marginal ice zone, matches NSIDC's threshold used for mapping
overall sea ice extent and should therefore provide a better estimate of the September 2011 ice extent.
This is not because there was not thicker winter sea ice near Iceland (there was), but because that was more than compensated by sea ice losses in less accessible areas so that
overall sea ice extent declined in that period (albeit, slowly):
In the Southern Hemisphere,
overall sea ice extent shifted from near - average over the first half of the year to sharply below average in mid-August.
While
the overall sea ice extent in the Southern Ocean has not changed markedly in recent decades, there have been increases in oceanic temperatures and large regional decreases in winter sea ice extent and duration in the western Antarctic Peninsula region of West Antarctica and the islands of the Scotia Arc.
The ice age product is based on a 15 % sea ice concentration threshold to be consistent with the threshold used for mapping
overall sea ice extent.
Not exact matches
Overall,
sea ice extent declined at a slightly slower rate than normal (relative to the 1981 - 2010 average rate) during June (Figure 6), losing a total of 1.6 million km2 as noted in NSIDC's Arctic Sea Ice News and Analysis repo
sea ice extent declined at a slightly slower rate than normal (relative to the 1981 - 2010 average rate) during June (Figure 6), losing a total of 1.6 million km2 as noted in NSIDC's Arctic Sea Ice News and Analysis repo
ice extent declined at a slightly slower rate than normal (relative to the 1981 - 2010 average rate) during June (Figure 6), losing a total of 1.6 million km2 as noted in NSIDC's Arctic
Sea Ice News and Analysis repo
Sea Ice News and Analysis repo
Ice News and Analysis report.
An
overall warming in the 2 × CO2 experiment causes reduction of
sea -
ice extent by 15 %, with maximum decrease in summer and autumn, consistent with observed seasonal
sea -
ice changes.
Reasoning for a decrease in
sea ice extent from recent years, perhaps approaching new record - low minimum, focuses on the below - normal
sea ice thickness
overall, the thinning of
sea ice in coastal
seas, rotting of old multi-year
sea ice, warm temperatures in April and May 2010, and the rapid loss of
sea ice area seen during May.
After a reaching its maximum
extent unusually early and then following a period of relatively unchanging
overall extent, Antarctic
sea ice extent started to decline in earnest.
Polar scientists report that,
overall, northern
sea ice is not just lower in
extent but is thinner as well.
Had he wished to be objective, he would have pointed out that, while satellite observations do indeed confirm that the
extent of arctic
sea ice has been declining over the past 30 years, the same satellite observations show that,
overall, Antarctic
sea ice has been expanding over the same period.
Not only that, but if rising CO2 levels were responsible for the decline of
sea ice and implied effects on polar bears since 1979 (when CO2 levels were around 340 ppm), why has spring
ice extent been so variable since 1989 (when the first big decline occurred) but so little changed
overall since then?
The
overall extent of Antarctic
sea ice has bucked the predictions of climate models, which say frozen continent's
sea ice should be shrinking.
This Section places particular emphasis on current knowledge of past changes in key climate variables: temperature, precipitation and atmospheric moisture, snow cover,
extent of land and
sea ice,
sea level, patterns in atmospheric and oceanic circulation, extreme weather and climate events, and
overall features of the climate variability.
The
sea ice recovery is just some natural variation on the
overall trend of decreasing
sea ice volume,
extent and area.
Multi-year
sea ice has been reduced to such low levels that the
overall September
sea ice extent is largely tied to the fate of the first - year
sea ice, which appears thin or with low concentrations away from the central Arctic (see AMSR satellite data and the calculations by Lindsay and Rigor).
These results also increase our
overall understanding of glacial − interglacial cycles by putting further constraints on the timing and strength of other processes involved in these cycles, like changes in
sea ice and
ice sheet
extents or changes in ocean circulation and deep water formation.
This study reviewed the empirical evidence of
sea ice extent and found that 4 of the 5 sub-regions experienced an expanded
sea ice extent and the Southern Ocean
overall did likewise.
At the same time the Arctic
sea ice extent was decreasing with the result that the
overall global albedo did not change.
Ice extent in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and East Siberian Seas remain high compared to the 2007 record minimum, however, the overall ice extent could still rival the 2007 record minimum particularly if winds over the next few weeks push the ice northwa
Ice extent in the Beaufort, Chukchi, and East Siberian
Seas remain high compared to the 2007 record minimum, however, the
overall ice extent could still rival the 2007 record minimum particularly if winds over the next few weeks push the ice northwa
ice extent could still rival the 2007 record minimum particularly if winds over the next few weeks push the
ice northwa
ice northward.