Sentences with word «overpotential»

Particularly, the OER performance was about 9 times higher than that of state - of - the - art precious metal oxide IrO2 at overpotential of 0.3 V. Furthermore, it also demonstrated notable charge - discharge stability even at high current density in Zn - air batteries.

Likewise, lower overpotentials usually translate to inefficiencies from slower turnover frequencies.

Nickel - gallium thin films of various stoichiometries were found to reduce CO2 to methane, ethane, and ethylene, at overpotentials lower than the best polycrystalline catalyst, copper.

This catalyst has demonstrated specific activity at 10 milliamps per square centimeter of oxide catalyst (OER current normalized to catalyst surface area), with only 270 to 290 millivolts of overpotential for 30 hours of continuous testing in acidic electrolyte.

If there were no resistive losses, and the water splitting reaction was completely efficient, the necessary voltage to maintain the 3mA current would be 1.23 v. From the Introduction, you already know that the water - splitting reaction is not completely efficient and instead has a significant overpotential.

In the meta position, we got the same overpotential [as the unmodified catalyst] and faster production of hydrogen.»

This voltage is the sum of the energy required to drive the water - splitting reaction 1.23 v + overpotential) and any resistive losses in the cell.

It displays an excellent catalytic activity with modest overpotentials of 0.23 and 0.12 V, alongside with Tafel slope of 39 and 62 mV / dec for OER and HER, respectively.

We report a synthetic nickel complex containing proton relays that catalyzes the production of hydrogen in aqueous acetonitrile with turnover frequencies of 750 - 170,000 / s at experimentally determined overpotentials of 310 - 470 mV.

The key for energy storage via the creation of hydrogen gas lies in finding a low - cost catalyst whose turnover frequency and overpotential matches or exceeds that of platinum.

«Electrocatalytic H2 Production with a Turnover Frequency > 107 s - 1: The Medium Provides an Increase in Rate but Not Overpotential.»

«It has a low overpotential, which means less electrical energy is needed to drive the reaction forward,» says Zheng, who is now a postdoctoral scholar at Stanford University.

The past record was 320 millivolts, but the new catalysts only needed between 270 and 290 millivolts of overpotential to reach the same level of oxygen production.

In an oxygen evolution reaction catalyst, one of the key benchmarks is the overpotential, or the amount of electricity needed to drive the reaction.

That's a benefit of our material: The overpotential (the amount of energy required to trigger electrocatalysis) is small, and quite competitive with other materials.

By using glycerol, Kenis says that his team was able to reduce the overpotential in that part of their system by nearly two - thirds and churn out formic acid, which is widely used in chemical synthesis.

This extra voltage, known as the overpotential, amounts to an energy surcharge that lowers the cell's efficiency.

It also produced CO with an overpotential of just 0.17 volts.

This drop in overpotential is reflected in a drop in the voltage you measure across the circuit.

When the amino acid was added in the para position of the phenyl substituent, the overpotential was much higher than when it was added in the meta position.

«We want to reduce the overpotential as much as possible,» explained Dr. Simone Raugei, a PNNL theorist on the study.

However, some of the modifications also increased the overpotential.

As the overpotential required by the cell decreases (through addition of the catalyst), the voltage necessary to maintain the 3mA current also decreases.

Cyclic voltammetry allowed researchers to measure catalytic rates and energy efficiency (overpotential).

In the steps below, you are watching the overpotential drop as the cobalt catalyst is electroplated onto the nickel electrode (specifically, the anode).

Their research is underlying designing a material that can pump out hydrogen at rates and energy cost (overpotential) useful in fuel production and other real - world applications.

Also, enzymes have a low overpotential, the amount of energy needed to start the catalyst and keep it going.

Platinum catalysts excel at two key energy - storage factors: turnover frequency and overpotential, but platinum is an expensive precious metal of low abundance.

The combined effect of the discoveries led to catalysts with higher rates of hydrogen gas production, lowered the overpotential, and provided insight for further research for hydrogen gas as an energy storage solution.

What's Next: The research team will continue to develop the nickel - based complexes to increase the turnover frequency and decrease the overpotential.

Artificial Co-Factors for Lowering the Overpotential of CO2Reduction Catalysts and Benchmarking the Re Bipyridine Catalysts Clifford Kubiak

Overpotential, the difference between the theoretical energy and the actual energy required to produce the hydrogen gas, often works against turnover frequency — typically, the faster hydrogen gas is created, the more energy it requires.

Interestingly, with such electrode, a single battery of 1.5 V can drive the water electrolysis, outperforming the state - of - the - art IrO2 Pt and indicating successful water splitting with barely 0.27 V overpotential.

The energy efficiency or overpotential was determined to be 310 to 470 millivolts with turnover rates of up to 170,000 / second, one of the fastest and most efficient of its kind.

The catalyst runs on electricity — after all, it needs those electrons to stuff into the chemical bonds — but it requires more electricity than practical, a characteristic called the overpotential.