Although the investigators had expected parallel neural predictors of future onset of
overweight during exposure to receipt and anticipated receipt of a palatable food, no significant effects emerged.
Not exact matches
Take a hard look at your health: Because heart problems can sneak up on women (64 % of women die suddenly
during their first heart attack without any warning signs at all, and 90 % of those women had at least one risk factor that could have been addressed), it's important to get an annual checkup and be aware of CVD risk factors: high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, tobacco use or second - hand
exposure, obesity, and being
overweight.
For example, we reduced our
overweight in Energy in recent quarters and have pivoted away from domestic onshore drillers to global players that have
exposure to off - shore oil deposits that have traditionally enjoyed higher margins than onshore producers
during a full energy cycle.
A covariate was included in the multivariate analyses if theoretical or empirical evidence supported its role as a risk factor for obesity, if it was a significant predictor of obesity in univariate regression models, or if including it in the full multivariate model led to a 5 % or greater change in the OR.48 Model 1 includes maternal IPV
exposure, race / ethnicity (black, white, Hispanic, other / unknown), child sex (male, female), maternal age (20 - 25, 26 - 28, 29 - 33, 34 - 50 years), maternal education (less than high school, high school graduation, beyond high school), maternal nativity (US born, yes or no), child age in months, relationship with father (yes or no), maternal smoking
during pregnancy (yes or no), maternal depression (as measured by a CIDI - SF cutoff score ≥ 0.5), maternal BMI (normal / underweight,
overweight, obese), low birth weight (< 2500 g, ≥ 2500 g), whether the child takes a bottle to bed at age 3 years (yes or no), and average hours of child television viewing per day at age 3 years (< 2 h / d, ≥ 2 h / d).
Regarding the child, the importance of the intrauterine and early postnatal environments for metabolic programming and modifications of the epigenome is increasingly recognised, 12 — 14 particularly for metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.15 Thus, GDM is related to macrosomia at birth (> 4 kg), to excess body fat and (central) obesity and to insulin secretion in infants and children, the obesity being in part mediated by maternal body mass index (BMI) or birth weight.16 — 23 Intrauterine
exposure to GDM also doubles the risk for subsequent type 2 diabetes in offspring compared with offspring of mothers with a high genetic predisposition for type 2 diabetes, but with normal glucose tolerance
during the index pregnancy.24 Maternal prepregnancy
overweight and excessive gestational weight gain also predict high birth weight and adiposity
during infancy.12 25 This is highly relevant, as up to 60 % — 70 % of women with GDM are
overweight or obese before pregnancy.26 Finally, maternal lifestyle behaviour such as a high fat diet or lack of physical activity
during pregnancy can influence offspring adiposity independent of maternal obesity.12 27