There would be only private,
subjective knowledge based on the environmental influences acting on individuals and classes of individuals.
But at least two senses of the word can easily be isolated: sometimes, «information» means simply «data,» objective facts given «out there,» things, processes, brute events; at other times, however, it means the cognitive contents of
subjective knowledge «in here» about things, processes, events, and so on.
Only from
subjective knowledge is it possible to proceed to objective knowledge.
Subjective knowledge — a person's belief about how much he or she knows — differs from actual knowledge, or expertise, yet previous research has shown that people are more inclined to let their
subjective knowledge guide their behavior, including financial decision - making.
For example, in the first study, people who were told that other participants included coffee experts — a more knowledgeable group — reported lower
subjective knowledge than participants who believed that they were being compared to teenagers — a less knowledgeable group.
The data revealed that participants with high
subjective knowledge were less likely to choose the product over the cash prize when they had many options, just as the researchers expected.
«Together, our findings suggest that
subjective knowledge may play an important role in determining ideal size for choice sets,» explains researcher Liat Hadar of the Arison School of Business at the Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya in Israel.
QBism applies similar reasoning to physics experiments: Whenever physicists perform an experiment, they are updating their own
subjective knowledge.
The researchers manipulated
their subjective knowledge by making participants think they were more or less knowledgeable than other participants in the study.
Inadequate assignment writing experience and lack of
subjective knowledge leads students to take professional assistance from managerial accounting assignment help experts.
Part psycho - geography, part «tourist trail», this hour - long walk (beginning and ending at MK Gallery) will combine objective and
subjective knowledge, historical notes, and anecdotal musings in an illuminating verbal account of Milton Keynes» long association with Immortality.
Some epistemologists define the Bayes hypothesis test as the decision method for applying
subjective knowledge.
Courts have held that a government can be said to have actual notice of a potential claim if the agency has
subjective knowledge that there was an accident involving death or injury, the government agency's fault contributed to the accident, and the government knows the identity of the parties.
Under section 1 (1) of the Act, what constitutes a material change depends on a reasonable objective analysis of the business, rather than
the subjective knowledge of a franchisee.
actual
subjective knowledge by the clicker hasn't played much of a role (if any) in determining assent
Not exact matches
I would argue that any further
knowledge of / about God can not happen if you remain behind the line of belief, whether you can factually prove anything empirically (that you can make God prove Himself at will) or use the vehicle of myth, legend, story or
subjective and very personal experiences too extraordinary for words to fully convey.
Later the idea gained ground that we can not «speak of nature apart from human perception in the historical development of
knowledge», that all
knowledge is «a creative interaction between the known and the knower» and that therefore there is no System of scientific
knowledge or of technology which does not have the
subjective purposes and faith - presuppositions of humans built into it.
«Each «section» of the stream, says James, «would then be a bit of sciousness or
knowledge of this sort, including and contemplating its «me» and its «not - me» as objects which work out their drama together, but not yet including or contemplating its own
subjective being» (PP1 304).
Knowledge of God is never possible apart from
subjective experience, but it is always more than
subjective experience.
After a sketch of the standoff between views of theology as something «objective» and views of it as something «
subjective,» Wood concurs with Farley's reasons for rejecting the picture of theology as universally valid «objective» truths and factual
knowledge.2 He also rejects another type of «objective» view of theology, represented by Hough and Cobb, which defines theology by reference to the purposes of professional church leadership (93).
The presentness of the I - Thou relation is also fatal to the attempt of logical positivism to relegate ethics, religion, and poetry to
subjective emotion without real
knowledge value.
On the other, there are those who emphasize the
subjective side of
knowledge and look on education as the development of creative powers or as the ingestion of the environment in accordance with
subjective need or interest.
The
knowledge of faith is not therefore «
subjective» in the sense that it happens primarily in the believer, but is «objective» because the believer participates in the eternal activity of the object of faith; the believer's
subjective faith is therefore secondary and derivative.
This
knowledge is a
subjective understanding of ourselves, but only of ourselves as receiving our true being from the personal impartation of God.
He is often said to have inaugurated the «
subjective turn» — credited with recognizing that we have to start from an analysis of consciousness and treat all the «objects» of our
knowledge as shaped, distorted, conditioned by our «
subjective» filters.
In affirming this intimate experiential source for the
knowledge of man the data of objective research are not rejected, nor are the gates opened to uncontrolled
subjective vagaries.
His idea of a «new synthesis», proposed mainly in his book Catholicism: A New Synthesis and developed in his many theological and philosophical essays, was an attempt to grapple precisely with the issues we have spoken of: the post-Cartesian «turn to the subject» (that is: the loss of faith in the objectivity of
knowledge and the subsequent exclusive concern of philosophy with the self and the
subjective idea as the norm of «truth») and the philosophy of evolution with its implications for a dynamic rather than a static universe.
It is a commonplace of modern science that facts are one thing and values quite another, that we can rely on objective scientific
knowledge, while
subjective metaphysical thinking (the logical positivists would say) is dubious and to be avoided whenever possible.
They will put all objective
knowledge in the realm of science, and leave to religion only
subjective belief.
Josiah Royce with a quite different philosophical orientation from Ritschl expressed the same truth when he described the Church as the community which is sustained by its memory of the atoning deed of Jesus.21 What is supremely important here is that
knowledge of God's forgiveness does not depend upon a private and
subjective illumination of the individual believer alone.
Every happening can yield
knowledge; but
knowledge depends in part on the
subjective element in our encounter with the world.
The book Women's Ways of Knowing identifies the following kinds of
knowledge: received,
subjective (in terms of the inner voice and the quest for self), procedural (reason as well as separate and connected knowing) and constructed.
So if we can remove the
subjective component from
knowledge altogether, we have a better chance of getting in touch with the «real» world «out there.»
For the Nominalist,
knowledge is always
subjective, the categories of our own minds projected onto the inchoate phenomena of experience.
We are often exhorted by scientists and philosophers alike to accept the material given to us by sense perception as though it is the rock - bottom foundation of our
knowledge of the physical world, Simultaneously we are told to refrain from coloring neutral sense data over with our
subjective wishes and teleological desires.
Thus when we have stripped scientific
knowledge to its essentials we are left with both its particularity and its universal intent, a step that would require us to modify any rigid distinction between the objective and
subjective poles, or between
knowledge and belief.
Lamin Sanneh reviews a new work by Leslie Newbigin in which Newbigin claims the focus on the dichotomy between «
knowledge» of so - called objective facts and «belief» in so - called
subjective values is a dichotomy that is rationally indefensible.
But the
knowledge now broadly entrusted is not just «personal experience,» not a
subjective inclination about this or that.
These lists and specific references in other essays identify six similarities: (a) God is understood as love involving God's presence in human experience and God's response to that experience, (b) human existence depends upon God's grace and that grace makes humans free, (c) humans respond to God resulting in the fulfillment of God's intentions in the concrete experiences of individuals, (d)
knowledge involves more than
subjective sensory experience, (e) experience broadly understood is crucial for theology, and (f) reality is characterized by diversity and relationality.
His insightful emphasis on the personal and tacit matrix of all judgments, be they «objective» or «
subjective,» provides both the cornerstone and much of the framework for a postcritical, non-dichotomized theory of
knowledge and an integrated way of being in the world.
That is,
knowledge about the more than two - millennia - old Eastern tradition of investigating the mind from the inside, from an interior,
subjective point of view, and the much more recent insights provided by empirical Western ways to probe the brain and its behavior using a third - person, reductionist framework.
This might include runners» training, self -
knowledge, targeted pace,
subjective feelings, and physiological measures.
«Our investigation includes one of the most robust analyses of physician adherence to AUA guidelines on the management of BPH / LUTS in the published literature, and represents the first published analysis to our
knowledge of the rate of performance of measures that are challenging to extract from administrative data (i.e.,
subjective symptom description, I - PSS, sexual function evaluation, performance of a physical examination and specific examination maneuvers),» says Dr. Auffenberg.
Science can explain matter and energy, but scientific
knowledge is «inapplicable to the existential, visceral nature of human life, which is unique and
subjective and unpredictable.»
If the drawing, the child reflects selective and
subjective reality in record creation requires mastery of language as an instrument of
knowledge and communication.
Also, teachers» subject
knowledge, teaching skill, and intelligence are most closely associated with both the overall
subjective teacher ratings and the teacher value added.
Content validity is a
subjective measure assessing the appropriateness of the survey items as determined by reviewers who have some
knowledge of the subject matter.
My statements and commentary are totally
subjective, express personal opinions only, and are not meant to impugn the
knowledge or reputation of any persons or professions either mentioned by name or discussed in general.
Agents» and publishers» opinions and decisions are informed by their experience and
knowledge, but there's very definitely a
subjective element too (as all those rejection stories show).
What if HUDs, with their codification of information and status, are proving to be a grounding - wire in an otherwise
subjective pool of
knowledge?