Demonstrating that a diet with controlled levels of dietary calcium and oxalate reduces the risk of calcium
oxalate urolith recurrence in dog.
These stones which are technically called calcium
oxalate uroliths are believe to be formed in reaction to commercial diets.
There is a C / D that treats calcium
oxalate uroliths in cats.
Unfortunately, a change in food to treat struvite uroliths predisposes a pet to calcium
oxalate uroliths, and vice versa.
• Clinically proven to produce a Calcium Oxalate Relative Supersaturation of < 5 in dogs and cats, which has been shown to limit the formation of calcium
oxalate uroliths.
The best research tells us that proper nutrition prevents most cases of struvite uroliths, and for
oxalate uroliths, good nutrition certainly plays a preventive role.
Currently, by most accounts, struvite and
oxalate uroliths occur in similar percentages, although Merck Veterinary Manual cites that «calcium
oxalate uroliths are the most common feline uroliths.»
Cats with
oxalate uroliths tend to not have crystals in their urine, so your veterinarian's use of physical examinations, ultrasounds, and X-rays is particularly important.
Oxalate uroliths went from being 1.5 % of recovered uroliths in 1984 to 24 % by 1992.
Acidification of pet foods also resulted in an increased incidence of calcium
oxalate uroliths / stones.
Current thinking suggests that calcium
oxalate uroliths can form across the physiological urine pH range indicating that control of urine pH is not a critical factor in managing and reducing the risk of calcium oxalate formation in dogs (Stevenson and Rutgers 2006).
This study demonstrated that feeding a high - moisture, moderately - acidifying diet with controlled levels of calcium and oxalate to dogs that have formed calcium
oxalate uroliths had beneficial effects on urine parameters and helped prevent recurrence for the 12 months they were under observation.
Calcium
oxalate uroliths are particularly prevalent in small breed male dogs (Houston and Moore 2009) of middle to old age (Stevenson and Rutgers 2006).
Feline urinary support includes helping your cat avoid bladder infections (feline UTI), the formation of stones (struvite uroliths or calcium
oxalate uroliths) that might block urine from exiting the body and inflammation of the bladder (feline cystits).
Not exact matches
The most common cause of obstruction is a urethral plug, which consists of mineral crystals (e.g., struvite, calcium
oxalate), white blood cells, red blood cells, protein (mucus), and epithelial cells.5 The underlying cause of urethral plugs is unknown; however, plugs have been linked to struvite crystalluria — suggesting that diet may play a role — and idiopathic cystitis.6 Other causes of urethral obstruction include urethral edema and spasm associated with lower urinary tract inflammation and pain.7
Uroliths, neoplasms, and urethral strictures can also lead to urethral obstruction; however, they are reported less frequently than other causes.5
Uroliths: These are crystals (calcium
oxalate, struvite) that form in the urinary tract and black the flow of urine.
Uroliths are composed of crystallized minerals, such as struvite,
oxalate, urate, or cystine.
The second most common type of
urolith is calcium
oxalate.
Rate and frequency of recurrence of
uroliths after an initial ammonium urate, calcium
oxalate, or struvite
urolith in cats.
Commercial food changes, unfortunately, have led to more surgeries to remove calcium
oxalate stones, for this type of
urolith requires surgical intervention.
Dry format: Dissolve pure struvite
uroliths Helps prevent the formation of struvite
uroliths Helps minimize the risk of formation of calcium
oxalate Helps minimize the risk of formation of brushite
uroliths ROYAL CANIN Veterinary Diet ™ feline URINARY SO Dry Chicken meal, rice, corn gluten meal, ground corn, chicken fat, natural flavors, cellulose powder, sodium chloride, dried brewers yeast, dried egg powder, potassium chloride, calcium sulfate, monosodium phosphate, choline chloride, calcium carbonate, taurine, DL - methionine, vitamins [DL - alpha - tocopherol (source of vitamin E), niacin, biotin, riboflavin (vitamin B2), D - calcium pantothenate, pyridoxine hydrochloride (vitamin B6), thiamine mononitrate (vitamin B1), vitamin B12 supplement, vitamin A acetate, vitamin D3 supplement, folic acid], trace minerals [zinc oxide, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, manganous oxide, sodium selenite, calcium iodate], preserved with natural mixed tocopherols, rosemary extract, and citric acid.
Wet and dry cat food that promotes urinary health can help dissolve pure struvite
uroliths, and help prevent struvite, calcium
oxalate and phosphate
uroliths.
Calcium
oxalate crystals and
uroliths are more common today than they were 10 years ago.
The increased risk of urolithiasis in smaller breeds is in part because they produce more concentrated urine and urinate less often than larger breed dogs Data from many
urolith analysis centres provides evidence to suggest that smaller breeds of dog such as the Yorkshire terrier, miniature schnauzer, Shih Tzu and Pomeranian are at greater risk of calcium
oxalate urolithiasis than larger breeds.
If your veterinarian determines that your cat has calcium
oxalate or struvite crystals, the typical treatment would be dissolution or removal of the
uroliths.
Uroliths are composed of crystallized minerals, such as struvite,
oxalate, urate, cystine, or calcium phosphate.
In 1981, 78 percent of all
uroliths (aka bladder stones) tested at the Minnesota
Urolith Center were struvites (a type of stone) and only five percent were calcium
oxalate stones.
The
uroliths have an irregular contour, which is consistent with diagnosis of calcium
oxalate.
The company reports that the diet also contains controlled levels of magnesium and added citrate, which acts as a crystal and
urolith inhibitor, as well as vitamin B6 to help decrease
oxalate formation and excretion in urine.
Bladder stone (
urolith): Diagnosed via radiography, a bladder stone is a mass of calcium and / or
oxalate salts that has precipitated into a solid mass.
These procedures can help diagnose the presence of bacterial infection (which often accompanies bladder stones or sludge) and determine the composition of suspected
uroliths or sludge (rabbits usually form calcium carbonate crystals, but they may also form calcium
oxalate, ammonium phosphate, or monohydrate crystals).