Sentences with phrase «oxides of nitrogen in»

Not exact matches

As the world began to learn in September, when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued a shocking «notice of violation,» the vehicles met emissions standards for dangerous oxides of nitrogen, known collectively as NOx, only when running their paces in an artificial, indoor lab setting.

Air pollutants are the result of impurities in coal that, once burned, can become air - or water - borne hazards, including soot, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and mercury, all of which are regulated in the U.S..

... A number of scientific studies indicate that most global warming in recent decades is due to the great concentration of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides and others) released mainly as a result of human activity... Doomsday predictions can no longer be met with irony or disdain.

In addition to carbon dioxide there are other disruptive products from the use of fossil fuels such as the nitrogen oxides that have already been referred to.

In the United States the quantity of nitrogen oxides released in this way doubled between 1950 and 1973 (Postel 1987In the United States the quantity of nitrogen oxides released in this way doubled between 1950 and 1973 (Postel 1987in this way doubled between 1950 and 1973 (Postel 1987).

«Garden equipment engines emit high levels of carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides, producing up to 5 % of the nation's air pollution and a good deal more in many metropolitan areas like Los Angeles.

«To ask the Secretary of State for Transport whether he has requested a derogation from EU air quality legislation in relation to limits on the levels of pollution from (a) nitrogen dioxide, (b) ozone and (c) other nitrogen oxides.

Soon after the delay to the decision was announced by Hoon last Christmas, the Miliband and Benn camps both contacted the Institute for Public Policy Research, over a pamphlet by Simon Retallack, the IPPR's head of climate change, arguing that the third runway should not go ahead unless the government required aircraft using it to meet the aviation industry's own targets to cut carbon dioxide emissions and noise in new aircraft by 50 % and nitrogen oxides by 80 % by 2020.

The United States released 6,511 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent in 2016 when CO2, methane, nitrogen oxides and fluorinated gases are added together.

The Golden State is at the vanguard in the United States in reducing auto emissions of nitrogen oxide gases, which help produce toxic smog and acid rain.

The paper states: «Even though the ambient air in the city of Jena is comparably clean, the significant association between rapid changes in nitrogen oxides and onset of myocardial infarction (MI) suggests that the current EU statutory limits do not sufficiently protect against effects relating to the cardiovascular health of the population.

The proportion of diesel vehicles registered in Leipzig however rose from 19 to 26 % between 2010 and 2016 — with negative consequences: While black carbon and the number concentration of ultrafine particles decreased, the concentration of gaseous nitrogen oxides (NOx) is stagnant and is still too high.

View a slide show of the world's first carbon capture and storage facility in operation The small stream of flue gas travels to the carbon - capture unit through plastic pipes reinforced with fiberglass and is cooled to between — 1 and 21 degrees Celsius from the 55 - degree C temperature at which it emerges from the other environmental technology add - ons that strip out the fly ash, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.

Many power plants already employ such ammonia in selective catalytic reduction units to strip nitrogen oxides out of the flue gas.

In a paper released for discussion in the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Crutzen calculated that 3 to 5 percent of the nitrogen in the fertilizers used to raise crops for biofuels could end up in the atmosphere as nitrous oxide, a potent, long - lived greenhouse gaIn a paper released for discussion in the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Crutzen calculated that 3 to 5 percent of the nitrogen in the fertilizers used to raise crops for biofuels could end up in the atmosphere as nitrous oxide, a potent, long - lived greenhouse gain the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Crutzen calculated that 3 to 5 percent of the nitrogen in the fertilizers used to raise crops for biofuels could end up in the atmosphere as nitrous oxide, a potent, long - lived greenhouse gain the fertilizers used to raise crops for biofuels could end up in the atmosphere as nitrous oxide, a potent, long - lived greenhouse gain the atmosphere as nitrous oxide, a potent, long - lived greenhouse gas.

South of East St. Louis, the industrial plants in Sauget release hundreds of tons of volatile organic matter, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides each year.

As shown in previous studies, the litter from the polluted site, which had endured high levels of atmospheric nitrogen oxides and ozone, had higher nitrogen content than litter from the clean site.

This reduces the levels of nitrogen oxides produced during combustion in the engine.

Such technology could cut acid rain — causing sulfur dioxide emissions by more than 90 percent, smog - forming nitrogen oxides by 75 percent, and — ultimately — capture more than 80 percent of the CO2 normally produced by combustion, storing it in nearby depleted oil fields by 2015.

As is common around the country, New York State's Department of Environmental Conservation routinely monitors the levels of ozone, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulates in the air.

Newland says that a fall in nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide from clean air regulations could have slowed the production of OH.

If these pheromones are similarly broken down in the presence of ozone and nitrogen oxides, this could also seriously hit population levels.

In addition to air pollution data from state and local air agencies, these MESA Air monitors collected and measured variable levels of PM2.5, oxides of nitrogen, and black carbon, among other pollutants over two - week periods between 2005 - 2009.

They rapidly detect and continuously respond to extremely small changes in the concentrations of gases including ammonia, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxide.

Formed in the presence of sunlight by water vapor and pollutants like ozone and nitrogen oxides, hydroxyl is hard to measure, because it persists for just a second in the air before it reacts away.

What proved possible included an extension of the Kyoto Protocol for a period of either five or seven years (excluding Canada, Japan and Russia but adding nitrogen trifluoride, used in semiconductor manufacture, to the list of gases covered — CO2, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, perfluorocarbons), a Green Climate Fund to help low - income countries cope (albeit without any actual funds yet), an Adaptation Committee to coordinate such efforts globally, rules for a global program to reduce deforestation and how to monitor such deforestation, and a Climate Technology Center that will help launch projects to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Using estimated exposure to outdoor oxides of nitrogen at the homes of participants over the year preceding MRI, the authors found that increased exposure to nitrogen dioxide was associated with an approximately 1.0 g (5 percent) increase in right ventricular mass and a 4.1 mL (3 %) increase in right ventricular end - diastolic volume.

FIELD FUMES California's agricultural regions are responsible for between 20 and 51 percent of the total emissions of nitrogen oxide gases in the state, new research finds.

EMISSIONS of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from shipping in the English Channel are «almost equivalent to those of Denmark», according to a study of marine pollution by Lloyd's Register.

Microbes in the soil digest some of what remains to produce nitrogen oxides, or NOx.

In the case of auto emissions, instead of current catalysts that are inactive below 200 degrees Celsius, Lewis» gold and silver nano - catalysts would be able to react at room temperature and help remove harmful emissions including carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons.

The amount of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere has quickly increased as well, with about a third of the total added by human activity — much of that emitted by nitrogen - based fertilizers, and half of that from just three nations: China, the Soviet Union, and the United States.

Matula says this sudden illumination happens because during the first bout of sonoluminescence, temperatures in the bubble, which can be as high as several hundred thousand degrees — hotter than the sun's surface — do something to nitrogen and oxygen to make them form compounds such as nitrous oxide that dissolve in the surrounding water.

Data from three model systems support the hypothesis that L - arginine - derived nitrogen oxides (NOs) mediate insulin release stimulated by L - arginine in the presence of D - glucose and by the hypoglycemic drug tolbutamide.

According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the process of manufacturing glass not only contributes its share of greenhouse gas emissions but also generates nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide and tiny particulates that can damage lung tissue when breathed in.

With regard to the air quality in cities with high concentrations of nitrogen oxides, this property of Arabidopsis thaliana plants could contribute significantly to the reduction of NO and thus improve air quality.

In Germany, the emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) amounts to approximately 1.3 million tons per year.

Large amounts of nitrogen oxide compounds are produced in particular by intensive lightning over land.

In the United States, roughly two - thirds of all sulfur dioxide and a quarter of all nitrogen oxide come from electric power generation that relies on burning fossil fuels, such as coal.

By simulating how a highly volatile, low - soot fuel behaves in many engine designs, «We hope to retain the performance of diesel fuel with lower particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions,» said Roberto Torelli, an Argonne postdoctoral researcher on Som's team.

«Using satellite - based remote - sensing equipment can allow scientists, and therefore policymakers, to determine with accuracy whether carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides detected in the vicinity are truly from the plant, or from other sources,» said Rodica Lindenmaier, postdoctoral research associate and first author of the paper.

Among biogenic volatile organic molecules is a class of compounds called monoterpenes, which react with ozone, hydroxyl radicals, nitrogen oxides, and other gases in the atmosphere.

Wang's research group designed a five - metal catalyst based on these high - entropy - alloy nanoparticles and demonstrated superior catalytic performance for selective oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen oxide, a reaction used by the chemical industry to produce nitric acid, an important chemical in the large - scale production of fertilizers and other products.

Like vehicles and power plants, trees emit airborne chemicals called volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which in the presence of sunlight react with nitrogen oxides in vehicle fumes to form ozone, one of the components in smog that makes it a health threat.

Researchers at Umeå University, together with researchers at Uppsala University and Stockholm University, show in a new study how nitrogen doped graphene can be rolled into perfect Archimedean nano scrolls by adhering magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on the surface of the graphene sheets.

Despite a 50 percent cut in smog - forming chemicals such as nitrogen oxides, commonly known as «NOx,» over the past 25 years, ozone levels measured in rural areas of the west have actually climbed.

In the mid-1980s, the company teamed up with another, Lean Burn Associates, to add a second component: a system which recirculates some exhaust gases into the air intake, which reduces emissions of oxides of nitrogen.

The scientists say that because nitric oxide plays important roles in shaping the development of plants, and how plants respond to environmental stress, these insights highlight key considerations of how nitrogen - based fertilisers should be used in agriculture.

This mixture produces very hot combustion which converts some of the nitrogen in the air into oxides.

In fact, however, total emissions of sulfur dioxide were slightly lower in 1970 (15.8 million tons) than in 1980, and total emissions of nitrogen oxides were much lower (3.9 million tonsIn fact, however, total emissions of sulfur dioxide were slightly lower in 1970 (15.8 million tons) than in 1980, and total emissions of nitrogen oxides were much lower (3.9 million tonsin 1970 (15.8 million tons) than in 1980, and total emissions of nitrogen oxides were much lower (3.9 million tonsin 1980, and total emissions of nitrogen oxides were much lower (3.9 million tons).