Sentences with phrase «oxygen atoms which»

Free radicals are oxygen atoms which can badly damage cell structures leading to lowered immune response and vulnerability to numerous degenerative diseases.

For example, MSM has two extra oxygen atoms which are available to do what ozonated water does.

For the important ultraviolet photons which are desired to be removed from the solar radiation are those less energetic photons which decompose the ozone molecules to produce another oxygen atom which again can reform another ozone molecule.

Not exact matches

Clay minerals consist of crystals in which atoms of silicon, oxygen and a number of metals, such as aluminum, iron and various rarer and less frequent ones, are arranged in a three - dimensional lattice.

There are basically two types of lines, those produced by collisions between the atoms or ions and the electrons in the surrounding gas, which are called collision lines, and which are very bright for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and neon, and lines which are produced when ions capture free electrons, which are called recombination lines, and which are bright only for those gases with the highest abundances in the interstellar medium: hydrogen and helium.

A good example of this is the uranyl, -LCB- UO2 -RCB- 2 + ion which is widely prevalent in the environment naturally and also nuclear waste where the two oxygen atoms reside opposite each other and are bonded very strongly to the uranium.

Every protein consists of a long chain of joined - together amino acids, which are small molecules made up of atoms of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and hydrogen.

This frees up oxygen atoms, which join up to form ozone molecules on the cooler night side (Icarus, DOI: 10.1016 / j.icarus.2011.08.010).

The lander would refuel on the space station, and would utilize liquid hydrogen fuel, which would come from water molecules broken into their composite oxygen and hydrogen atoms.

The highly reactive radical, Cl •, then abstracts a hydrogen atom of CH4 to give methyl radicals, CH3 •, which in turn react with oxygen to produce valuable methanol and formic acid.

Oxygen atoms ringing the pore bonded to one water molecule, which then entered the spherical cage under high temperature and pressure (Science, DOI: 10.1126 / science.1206376).

This material, in which carbon substitutes for some of the lattice oxygen atoms, absorbs light at wavelengths below 535 nanometers and has a lower band - gap energy than rutile (2.32 versus 3.00 electron volts).

This compound, which complexed with the sodium cation, was the first compound known to display such activity and became known as dibenzo -18-crown-6, an 18 - atom heterocycle containing 6 oxygen atoms.

POMs are molecular transition metal - oxygen clusters in which the metal atoms are bridged by oxygen atoms to form a three - dimensional network.

But Catling's team proposes instead that the hydrogen escaped into space through a process called methane photolysis, in which the hydrogen - containing methane reacts with oxygen such that hydrogen atoms are freed.

«Because of this new structure they're taking on, they're naturally shortening the distances between platinum atoms, which makes the platinum more active for the oxygen reduction reaction,» says Luke Roling, a graduate student in Mavrikakis» lab.

After breaking away from the molecule in the strong laser field, the electron returned and was scattered on a molecular ion, which resulted in the molecule dissociation into a positive nitrogen ion and an oxygen atom.

«As a result of screening about 200 compounds, we found that (3 - furyl) diphenylmethane (chem7), which is a triarylmethane that contains 2 phenyl groups and a furyl (a 5 - membered aromatic ring containing 4 carbons and an oxygen atom in the ring) group, had strong inhibitory activity on plant cell division,» says Ueda.

The first - discovered high - pressure, high - temperature denser form, or phase, of silica is called coesite, which, like quartz, consists of building blocks of silicon atoms surrounded by four oxygen atoms.

Our catalyst improves this process by passing through a chemical intermediate — called an eta -3-ozone intermediate — in which the two oxygen atoms from molecular oxygen can be easily separated from each other and passed on to two different molecules of substrate.

The material is made up of zirconium and tungsten atoms connected by oxygen atoms, which, when heated, bend like elbow joints.

Second, they're drawn by carbon atoms with high spin charge, which interacts with the oxygen atoms» spin - polarized electron orbitals.

In particular, a charged molecule called hydronium, which has three hydrogen atoms and one oxygen ion, can transform into water (plus an independent hydrogen atom) if it captures a free - floating electron.

Their study reveals the atom - level mechanisms by which doped nanomaterials catalyze oxygen reduction reactions (ORR).

Rubies are a type of corundum, a rare mineral made up of densely packed aluminum and oxygen atoms, which are normally colorless.

There, water molecules will be exposed to ultraviolet rays, which will break them into hydrogen and oxygen — and then many of those lightweight hydrogen atoms will fly off into space.

They think this involves oxygen and hydrogen atoms formed during or after the etching process, which attach themselves to the internal surface of the porous structure.

Lower in the atmosphere, oxygen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (OH), which form when water molecules are broken apart by ultraviolet photons, oxidize methane.

A neutral oxygen vacancy, a place where an oxygen atom should appear in the lattice but is instead replaced by two electrons, is represented by the yellow shape, which depicts the charge density of those electrons.

The researchers discovered that the unique manner in which the platinum and nickel atoms arrange themselves on the surfaces of these particles serves to optimally accelerate the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to form water.

They were especially interested in the protein's small metal catalyst, an oxygen - evolving complex in which oxygen atoms bridge four manganese atoms with one calcium atom.

Indeed, the team is expanding their study to the properties of the nearly ubiquitous hydronium and methyl groups, which contain a single oxygen or carbon atom and three hydrogen atoms.

XRD data of all the flash states studied revealed an anomalous diffraction signal from Mn that is not complicated by signals from the overall protein matrix of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and other metals, or even by the Ca atom, which is a part of the five atom Mn4Ca metalloenzyme complex.

A molecule containing three oxygen atoms, computer models suggest that ozone on Venus is formed when sunlight breaks up carbon dioxide molecules and releases oxygen atoms, which are swept around to the planet's nightside by winds where they can then combine to form unstable, three - atom ozone molecules, as well as much more stable, two - atom molecules essential for animals.

The method is based on low - temperature atomic force microscopy (AFM) and uses a copper - based probe tip, which is terminated by a single oxygen atom.

Earth's much thicker layer of low - level ozone, however, has a much larger contribution from the build - up of molecular oxygen beginning some 2.4 billion years ago from photosynthetic microbes excreting oxygen as a waste gas, which now along with plant life is constantly replenishing Earth's two - atom as well as three - stom ozone oxygen molecules.

«We saw number of spectral features emitted by ionized atoms in the galaxies such as hydrogen, oxygen, and neon, which allowed us to determine the metal content of the galaxies.»

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Organic compounds, any of a large class of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of other elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen.

According to scientists, the quasar beam caused invisible filaments in deep space to glow through a process called «photoionization,» in which oxygen atoms in the filaments absorb light from the quasar and re-emit it over many thousands of years.

Dr. Scott Chambers is a Laboratory Fellow and leads a research team focused on the properties of «designer» oxides — materials which combine different metal atoms with oxygen atoms into solid materials.

Any chemical that contains a hydroxyl group, which is an oxygen atom bound to a hydrogen atom.

A little olivine crystal in the Bunbury Basalt, for instance, or whether it's in the lava fields of Hawaii — taking it down to the nitty gritty in theoretical chemistry is the magnesium, iron and oxygen atom, which they do in Year 9 in looking at ionic compounds.

``... this pulls the carbon in one direction and the oxygens in another, so an electromagnetic wave that vibrates at the correct frequency can excite the molecule into a vibrational motion in which the carbon atom moves in the opposite direction to the two oxygen atoms.

In 1970, Paul Crutzen demonstrated that nitric oxide accelerates a chemical reaction in which ozone is transformed into regular oxygen (containing two oxygen atoms).

These oxygen atoms are very reactive and tend to combine with any atoms or molecules with which they collide.

In its stratosphere I conclude the important photodissociation reaction that of carbon dioxide with ultraviolet photons which produces oxygen atoms and carbon monoxide molecules.

Ozone is a molecule made up of three oxygen atoms, and the ozone layer, which stretches from heights of 12 to 19 miles (20 to 30 kilometers) above the Earth's surface, protects life on Earth by shielding it from ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

However, my main point was not so much about the «make up» of ozone but more about the possibility that as long as oxygen atoms and molecules absorb enough energy from UV radiation to alter their structure it may be that they also produce an increase in their heat content, which should be greater at any points nearest to the source — i.e..