report that ocean sediment cores containing an «undisturbed history of the past» have been analyzed for variations in PP over timescales that include the Little Ice Age... they determined that during the LIA the ocean
off Peru had «low PP, diatoms and fish,» but that «at the end of the LIA, this condition changed abruptly to the low subsurface
oxygen, eutrophic upwelling ecosystem that today produces more fish than any region of the world's oceans... write that «in coastal
environments, PP, diatoms and fish and their associated predators are predicted to decrease and the microbial food web to increase under global warming scenarios,» citing Ito et al..
When rice paddies are flooded, the
oxygen - devoid
environment creates the perfect place for bacteria to feed
off of those carbohydrates, creating methane as a byproduct.