Sentences with phrase «oxygen ions»

Each phase has a unique arrangement of oxygen ions that gives rise to distinct properties.

The 12 - sided particles split oxygen molecules into charged oxygen ions, a reaction that's needed in fuel cells.

Pure water contains a hydrogen - bonding network due to the negative oxygen ions wanting to bond with the positive hydrogen ions.

The team suggests that earthly oxygen ions most likely originated in our atmosphere's ozone layer, where certain wavelengths of sunlight break apart ozone into regular oxygen molecules and single atoms.

In the first state, the nanoparticles have gaps in their surface that absorb oxygen ions like a sponge.

Within the material, hydrogen ions flow freely through a solid crystal of oxygen ions.

This in situ method allowed us to apply short voltage pulses and thereby control the migration of oxygen ions in our sample,» explains Academy of Finland Research Fellow Lide Yao.

Because black holes can not be observed directly, Schulze's team instead measured emissions from oxygen ions [O III] around the black hole and accretion disk to determine the radiative efficiency; i.e. how much energy matter releases as it falls into the black hole.

They measure fuel mixture using catalytic action combined with oxygen ion transfer through a solid electrolyte.

«We've seen these [oxygen ions] before, but we don't have the data to know where in Earth's atmosphere they come from,» he notes.

The gamma rays strip electrons from the molecules in the surrounding air, and the resulting free electrons lose energy and readily attach to oxygen molecules to create elevated levels of negatively charged oxygen ions around the radioactive materials.

Eight bright X-ray sources located far beyond the galaxy at distances of hundreds of millions of light - years were observed with Chandra, which revealed that the X-rays from these distant sources are absorbed selectively by oxygen ions in the vicinity of our galaxy.

Energy metabolism and the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (very small molecules that can result in significant damage to cell structures, of which include oxygen ions, free radicals and peroxides) are thought to underpin many nuerodegenerative disorders, and creatine is thought to enhance the brains ability to survive the metabolic and physical trauma associated with these conditions.

He first depicted its surface using SPM and then repeated the process 12 times, shaving away a 100 nanometer layer of the sample with a beam of oxygen ions before each step.

When water molecules rise into the upper atmosphere, sunlight breaks the water into hydrogen ions which are fast and escape easily, and heavier oxygen ions which are carried away by the electric field.

Unlike ice sanitizing technologies that use UV light or other sources that create ozone, which can be hazardous to health, the patent - pending BPi200 uses a small electrical housing and carbon - fiber brushes to release airborne positive hydrogen and negative oxygen ions throughout the ice machine without creating ozone.

In 2008, sensors onboard Japan's Kaguya moon - orbiting probe detected a dramatic change in the kinds of oxygen ions striking the craft during a narrow window each month.

For instance, Escoubet suggests, he and his team can look at data from their Earth - orbiting satellites gathered at the same time as the Kaguya data to see whether they, too, show similar increases in singly charged oxygen ions streaming from Earth.

Researchers have proposed a new way to detect radioactive material using two co-located laser beams that interact with elevated levels of oxygen ions near a gamma - ray emitting source.

During this time, a window opens for slower oxygen ions from Earth to arrive at the moon.

Cerium oxide nanocrystals have the ability to absorb and release oxygen ions — a chemical reaction known as reduction oxidation, or redox, for short.

«The rattling of oxygen ions within the cages promotes upward energy conversion,» Hosono explains.

Their method cleverly utilizes the rattling motion caused by the vibration of oxygen ions inside the cage - like structures of the crystal.

«Unlike other fuel cells which transport positively charged [hydrogen, or H +,] ions through a membrane, solid oxide types use a ceramic oxide — through which negatively charged oxygen ions pass,» Stokes explains.

In 1979, when Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 passed by Jupiter, Krimigis's detectors picked up sulfur and oxygen ions whipped up by the giant planet's powerful magnetic fields.

The two probes went on to Saturn, where they found oxygen ions, fed by the watery geysers of the moon Enceladus.

Her results show clear signs of «showers» of energetic oxygen ions and dust from the time that Mars was inside the coma up to 35 hours after comet's closest approach.

Unlike conventional SOFCs the BZY membranes allow the flow not of negatively charged oxygen ions toward the anode, but positively charged hydrogen ions, the opposite way, toward the cathode.

Voltage - induced migration of oxygen ions does change the amount of oxidation, triggering strong material responses.

Researchers at Aalto University in Finland have visualized how oxygen ion migration in a complex oxide material causes the material to alter its crystal structure in a uniform and reversible fashion, prompting large modulations of electrical resistance.

The researchers found that migration of oxygen ions away from the contact area results in an abrupt change in the oxide lattice structure and an increase of electrical resistance.

The optimized composition has facilitated excellent oxygen reduction reaction and the novel structure has created pore channels that dramatically enhance oxygen ion diffusion and surface oxygen exchange while maintaining excellent compatibility and stability under operating conditions.

«High - speed flickering at 1/80 seconds could not be explained by oxygen ions alone.

These are «holes» in atomic arrays where oxygen ions should exist, but don't.

Third, the flow of current draws oxygen ions from the tantalum oxide nanopores and stabilizes them.

In making the material, the researchers found the tantalum oxide gradually loses oxygen ions, changing from an oxygen - rich, nanoporous semiconductor at the top to oxygen - poor at the bottom.

Control voltages that shift oxygen ions and vacancies switch the bits between ones and zeroes.

There are two types of SOECs, based on the electrolyte materials: oxygen ion conducting SOECs (oxygen - SOECs) and proton conducting SOECs (proton - SOECs).

Jupiter's satellite Io has also been observed to influence the Jovian planet's aurorae by introducing copious amounts of sulfur and oxygen ions into Jupiter's atmosphere.

Leftover protons are combined with oxygen ions to create pure water.

Ionic foot baths operate by sending an electrical current through a tub of water, which causes the water molecules to divide and create negative oxygen ions.

Based on this «new» data, Nosé and colleagues found that although hydrogen ion levels in the plasma peaked around 1964 and 1975, the mixture included 7 - 10 % oxygen ions around 1958and 1970, making the overall plasma mass more than twice as heavy.

Reactive oxygen species are small molecules that include oxygen ions, oxygen free radicals, and peroxides, both inorganic and organic.

An ionisation function is also on offer that fills the cabin with negatively charged oxygen ions.

«Harnessing the rattling motion of oxygen ions to convert T - rays to visible light.»

«To do this,» explains Antonio Cabrera Lavers, head of astronomy at the GTC and one of the authors of the paper, «we have used for the first time the blue tunable filter of OSIRIS to take a deep image centred on the emission from the recombination lines of one of the oxygen ions in the planetary nebula 6778.»

All of these factors suggest the oxygen ions originated on Earth, Terada and his colleagues report online today in Nature Astronomy.

Unlike water or regular ice, in superionic ice the water molecules dissociate into charged atoms called ions, with the oxygen ions locked in a solid lattice, while the hydrogen ions move like the molecules in a liquid.

They calculate that a low - power laser aimed near the radioactive material could free electrons from the oxygen ions.

The ions from Earth fell into the same range as the oxygen ions the team found on the moon: about 1,000 electron volts.