«Unlike other fuel cells which transport positively charged [hydrogen, or H +,] ions through a membrane, solid oxide types use a ceramic oxide — through which negatively charged
oxygen ions pass,» Stokes explains.
Not exact matches
During each burst of
oxygen, an estimated 26,000
ions per second
passed through each square centimeter of sensor, the researchers say.
In 1979, when Voyager 1 and Voyager 2
passed by Jupiter, Krimigis's detectors picked up sulfur and
oxygen ions whipped up by the giant planet's powerful magnetic fields.
Essentially, the Caltech membrane for their artificial leaf only allows hydrogen protons to
pass through, like an
ion sieve, while hydrogen and
oxygen gases are safely and separately expelled to use as fuels or oxidants.
The charged water then
passes through an
ion exchange membrane, creating an
oxygen - rich mixture of positive and negative nano - bubbles.