Both the eggshells and the embryo bones were analyzed in order to determine
their oxygen isotope composition.
However, there is no evidence, based on the HED meteorites, to suggest that Vesta is heterogeneous as all have the same
oxygen isotope composition.
Here, we present a record of Holocene glacial ice discharge, derived from
the oxygen isotope composition of marine diatoms from Palmer Deep along the west Antarctic Peninsula continental margin.
Figure 1: Temperature anomaly calculated from
oxygen isotope composition.
Not exact matches
The
composition of these ice cores, especially the presence of hydrogen and
oxygen isotopes, provides a picture of the climate at the time.
The ratio of
oxygen isotopes in seawater depends on the water temperature; the value of this ratio at any point in evolutionary time is «frozen» into the chemical
composition of certain marine fossils.
But more accurate measurements of
oxygen isotopes published in 2016 only confirmed that the isotopic
compositions are not distinguishable.
They also used satellite precipitation data to «backsolve» the brine's origins using sodium concentrations,
oxygen and hydrogen
isotopes, as the isotopic
composition of water reflects the condensation temperature and precipitation rate over time.
The information about
oxygen concentration comes from the isotopic
composition of carbon or rather from the ratio between the stable carbon
isotopes 12C and 13C.
Our proxies, including
oxygen isotopes and annual ring widths (MAT = — 0.5 ± 1.9 °C), coexistence of paleovegetation (MAT = — 0.4 ± 4.1 °C), and bacterial tetraether
composition in paleosols (MAT = — 0.6 ± 5.0 °C), yield estimates that are statistically indistinguishable.