Sentences with phrase «oxygen species in»

For example, KBs were recently reported to act as neuroprotective agents by raising ATP levels and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in neurological tissues, 80 together with increased mitochondrial biogenesis, which may help to enhance the regulation of synaptic function.80 Moreover, the increased synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulated by a KD may have a role in the regulation of neuronal membrane excitability: it has been demonstrated, for example, that polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the excitability of neurons by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels.81 Another possibility is that by reducing glucose metabolism, ketogenic diets may activate anticonvulsant mechanisms, as has been reported in a rat model.82 In addition, caloric restriction per se has been suggested to exert neuroprotective effects, including improved mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis, and inhibition of proinflammatory mediators, such as the cytokines tumour necrosis factor - α and interleukins.83 Although promising data have been collected (see below), at the present time the real clinical benefits of ketogenic diets in most neurological diseases remain largely speculative and uncertain, with the significant exception of its use in the treatment of convulsion diseases.

In rodents, ketogenic diets reduce reactive oxygen species in the brain34 and reduce central inflammation and reactive oxygen species in a model of multiple sclerosis.35 Two clinical papers have found that ketogenic diet feeding of 12 weeks to 6 months reduced signs of liver inflammation in obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (in addition to improving various other physiological and biochemical variables).36, 37 Unfortunately, basic research into non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been hampered by species differences between mice and humans in their hepatic reaction to ketogenic diets.38

Has been shown to kill acne bacteria by generating reactive oxygen species in the sebaceous follicle.

Both antioxidant compounds work reducing the proliferation of reactive oxygen species in cells, preventing mutations and dead due to oxidative stress.

Active oxygen species in the induction of plant systemic acquired resistance by salicylic acid

Moreover; ultra-violate radiation is known to reduce the immunity and stimulates formation of reactive oxygen species in melanocytes locally [27].

Hepatitis C Virus Regulates Transforming Growth Factor [beta] 1 Production Through the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in a Nuclear Factor [kappa] B - Dependent Manner.

Role of Cyclooxygenase and Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in ϱ - Kinase - Mediated Impairment of Endothelium - Dependent Vasodilation and Blood Flow after Ischemia - Reperfusion of the Rat Kidney.

Calorie restriction with proper nutrition seems to help extend lifespans and delay the onset of age - related disorders by reducing what are called reactive oxygen species in the body.

Macrophages, as part of the inflammatory response, produce reactive oxygen species in order to attack bacteria.

One explanation is that the plant sterol diet increased formation of reactive oxygen species in the hippocampus, whereas the Fortasyn diet, which yielded the best results in the spatial memory task, tended to have an opposite effect.

«These data are fully in accord with recent work on the actions of reactive oxygen species in cells, although clearly at odds with the popular concept that dietary antioxidants are inevitably beneficial,» says Malcolm Jackson at the University of Liverpool, UK, who was not involved in the research.

Not exact matches

If humans were not designed by a higher authority, how can each individual's DNA be uniquely different among the human species, especially different than the other animals; how can the life sustaining elements be constantly available and exist in exact formulations: O, H, C etc. water is always 2 atoms of Hydrogen and one atom of Oxygen; sugar, fats, grains, and any bio-chemical products can be broken down to their simplest forms of elements, but can be re-constructed with specific (not by chance) formula.

The Commonwealth Environmental Water Holder is investigating whether there are opportunities to use the limited volumes of environmental water available to provide refuge habitat for aquatic species (particularly if the decay of the algal bloom leads to low oxygen levels in the waterways).

Curcumin exerts both direct and indirect antioxidant effects by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS)(38) and inducing the expression of cytoprotective proteins in an Nrf2 - dependent way (39).

Reactive oxygen species, also called free radicals, are chemicals that typically contain oxygen, are known to be found in cigarette smoke, and cause DNA damage in cells.

After 10 days of smoke exposure, the scientists found an overall increase in DNA damage responses to so - called reactive oxygen species within the cells.

Boulby is a good analogue for the subsurface of Mars — no oxygen or light — and so the species that manage to live in these extreme conditions could help inform the search.

The researchers brought together 90 fossils discovered in South Africa, Lesotho, Morocco and China, 63 of which were therapsids belonging to 22 different species, in order to study their oxygen isotopic composition.

Carys Mitchelmore of the University of Maryland's Chesapeake Biological Laboratory says a 30 per cent reduction in oxygen would be «highly significant» to some species.

One lit up in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, a prominent reactive oxygen species, whereas the other two acted as mitochondrial injury sensors.

Scientists say reserves can help marine ecosystems and people adapt to five key impacts of climate change: ocean acidification; sea - level rise; increased intensity of storms; shifts in species distribution, and decreased productivity and oxygen availability.

This approach allowed them to create a metabolic index for each species, which sets clearly defined limits for oxygen - breathing sea life: «Marine animals like eelpouts, rock crabs and Atlantic cod can only survive in environments with enough oxygen for them to increase their metabolism to between two and five times their resting metabolic rate if need be.

Such bottom - dwellers normally have a lot to eat in such rich ecosystems, but these species are sensitive to oxygen loss.

In the presence of oxygen, several types of bacteria, along with a few species of yeast, convert glucose or alcohol to acetic acid; too much of that and a winemaker is left with vinegar.

According to Chan, most hypoxia - intolerant species engulfed in low - oxygen waters quickly move away.

The crew found the three new species of Loricifera (jellyfish - like animals less than a millimeter long) in the sediment of L'Atalante Basin, a zone of salty, oxygen - depleted water at the bottom of the Mediterranean.

Apparently, a side reaction in the respiratory system in the mitochondria causes them to steadily release reactive oxygen species that can damage DNA, RNA and proteins.

«If the oxygen level in a given region of the ocean drops below a species» minimum requirements, it forces the animals to abandon their native habitat.

Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the study found that many species from the two plateaus underwent different mutations to produce the same result: hemoglobins more adept at snaring oxygen from the lungs before sharing it with the other organs that depend on it.

The mid-stage population that began appearing after day 7 featured oxygen - intolerant bacterial species often seen in American individuals but much less frequently in developing nations.

In the case of cisplatin - induced hearing loss, kenpaullone appears to protect hair cells by preventing CDK2 from stimulating the production of toxic reactive oxygen species from the cells» mitochondria.

The oxygen species released in the process «won't be super reactive,» she said.

But late in the Triassic period — between 210 million and 220 million years ago, when oxygen levels were similar to those of today — one species closely related to today's grasshoppers had wings ranging from 15 to 18 cm long, he notes.

In medicine, they could also be used to encapsulate oxygen - sensitive active compounds and to reduce the inflammation caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biomedical applicationIn medicine, they could also be used to encapsulate oxygen - sensitive active compounds and to reduce the inflammation caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biomedical applicationin biomedical applications.

We live in an oxygen - rich atmosphere, and radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), are natural by - products of respiration.

Banfi says that the related genes expressed in a variety of tissues suggest that reactive oxygen species will turn up in other surprising roles.

On top of the problem recognition and methodology development, the article in Nature Energy also provides an initial approach to how the storage cell can protect itself from the reactive oxygen species.

Other plasma - activated solutions have previously been shown to induce reactive oxygen species within cells, but these were not detected in plasma - activated Lactec (PAL)- treated cells, suggesting an alternative mechanism triggered cell death.

Lead author Rich Brill, a fishery biologist with NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service and adjunct faculty at VIMS, says «The notion that blue crabs are relatively intolerant of oxygen - poor waters was counterintuitive, because this species often occupies estuarine environments that can become hypoxic even in the absence of human activities.»

This metabolic demand makes brain cells particularly vulnerable to damage from oxidative stress, in which reactive oxygen species (ROS), sometimes called free radicals, exert toxic effects on cellular components.

Reporting this week in the journal Global Change Biology scientists from British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and from Germany's University of Kiel and the Alfred Wegener Institute reveal that when it comes to environmental change the reaction of Antarctic clams (laternula elliptica)-- a long - lived and abundant species that lives in cold, oxygen - rich Antarctic waters — is different depending on how old the animal is.

In the new paper, the researchers map out how an enzyme in a common mold species called Aspergillus fumigatus adds a pair of oxygen atoms to a toxin the mold produceIn the new paper, the researchers map out how an enzyme in a common mold species called Aspergillus fumigatus adds a pair of oxygen atoms to a toxin the mold producein a common mold species called Aspergillus fumigatus adds a pair of oxygen atoms to a toxin the mold produces.

This new paper, published in the journal Applied and Environmental Microbiology, demonstrates that MRSA die on copper surfaces by a multifaceted attack from copper ions and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

These so - called walking trees coolly shrug off extreme heat and muddy topsoil deficient in oxygen and filter the salty waters of southern Florida and tropical Southeast Asia, where the majority of the 73 known mangrove species live.

The discovery was made during an analysis of the parasitic plant Viscum scurruloideum, a species of mistletoe whose apparent ability to survive and thrive without several genes involved in the primary energy - producing pathway of oxygen - respiring organisms could make it one of the most unusual plants on Earth.

Although reactive oxygen species can damage cells when produced in high amounts, according to a study published online Sept. 5, 2017 by Science Signaling and featured on the journal's cover, these oxidative species are crucial signals that start the process of repairing myofiber.

Species living in coastal regions could face a significant future threat from reduced levels of oxygen in the marine environment, according to research published in Scientific Reports.

Unlike its related species, the yellow - bellied sea snake (Hydrophis platurus), the yellow sea snake subspecies lives in a significantly more hostile environment — the waters in the gulf are warmer, often turbulent, and the dissolved oxygen in them occasionally drops to extremely low levels.

The surface waters of the world's oceans are supersaturated with the greenhouse gas methane, yet most species of microbes that can generate the gas can't survive in oxygen - rich surface waters.