Sentences with phrase «oxygen species such»

As we age, the nitric oxide meant to cause dilation is increasingly destroyed by reactive oxygen species such as superoxide, which are produced by many components of our body's own cells, including organelles called mitochondria.

Not exact matches

When potent oxygen radical scavengers such as cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) were combined with a highly charged polymer (polyacrylic acid) and incorporated into extracted chloroplasts using the LEEP process, damage to the chloroplasts from superoxides and other reactive oxygen species was dramatically reduced.

Such bottom - dwellers normally have a lot to eat in such rich ecosystems, but these species are sensitive to oxygen lSuch bottom - dwellers normally have a lot to eat in such rich ecosystems, but these species are sensitive to oxygen lsuch rich ecosystems, but these species are sensitive to oxygen loss.

For a long time it was a mystery as to how some firefly species manage such a high flash rate, considering the relatively slow speed of the muscles that control oxygen transport.

The find is one of the first signs that such reactive oxygen species can build as well as destroy.

It was the proliferation of such oxygen - producing species throughout Earth's evolutionary trajectory that changed the composition of our atmosphere — adding much more O2 — which was as important for the development of ancient multi-cellular life as it is for us today.

Yet in addition to extinctions there are many dramatic, well - documented effects of introduced species, such as shifts in regional climate, reduced groundwater levels, altered nutrient cycling, and reduced oxygen levels in aquatic systems, which affect the abundance and distribution of native species.

«Significant impacts to the lake could result from incidental or accidental spills from 5,100 ships passing through every year; invasive species brought by transoceanic ships, which could threaten the extinction of aquatic plants and fish, such as the cichlids that have been evolving since the lake's formation; and frequent dredging, impacting aquatic life through alterations in turbidity and hypoxia, triggered by resuspension of nutrients and organic matter that exert a relatively high biochemical oxygen demand.»

Technology such as this, scientists said, may have a promising future in the identification and surgical removal of malignant tumors, as well as using near - infrared light therapies that can kill remaining cancer cells, both by mild heating of them and generating reactive oxygen species that can also kill them.

During the past years, scientists have found out how ocean acidification — in some cases combined to other factors such as rise in temperatures, eutrophication or loss of oxygen — affects isolated species.

The instruments measure atmospheric densities and temperatures for both the electrically neutral (e.g., carbon dioxide, CO2, atomic oxygen, O, atomic hydrogen, H, and other species) and the electrically charged constituents (that is, ions such as CO2 + and O2 +, and electrons).

DNA is constantly exposed to a variety of damaging factors such as genotoxic agents, environmental factors (e.g. UV light, irradiation) or normal metabolic activities (e.g. nucleotide misincorporation during DNA replication, reactive oxygen species) that causes a range of lesions.

Because snow leopards successfully live at such high altitudes (3500m to 6500m) for many years researchers thought the haemoglobin of this species was in some way adapted so it could carry more oxygen than the haemoglobins of other big cats.

Abnormal Krebs cycle and / or oxidative phosphorylation cause (s) not only glucose hypometabolism but also the increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative damage, and programmed cell death such as apoptosis.

Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain the molecular reasons for aging, a prominent role among them being played by the free radical theory of aging.3, 4 Free radical components (reactive oxygen species or ROS) or lipid peroxide (LPO) is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of accelerated skin aging and chronic skin conditions such as acne vulgaris.

The reactive oxygen species and free radicals released from such reactions like lipid peroxidation can progressively damage neurons.

Cadmium interacts with cells of the immune system (neutrophils and macrophages) and promotes the release of free radicals such as reactive oxygen species.

«Bioactive compounds reported to stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis are linked to many health benefits such increased longevity, improved energy utilization, and protection from reactive oxygen species.

Generation of reactive oxygen species, or free radicals such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, is a normal byproduct of metabolism, but can damage cellular machinery when excessive and impair the production of cellular energy, which becomes a vicious cycle as energy - intensive repair processes become untenable (25, 26).

For example, KBs were recently reported to act as neuroprotective agents by raising ATP levels and reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in neurological tissues, 80 together with increased mitochondrial biogenesis, which may help to enhance the regulation of synaptic function.80 Moreover, the increased synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulated by a KD may have a role in the regulation of neuronal membrane excitability: it has been demonstrated, for example, that polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the excitability of neurons by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels.81 Another possibility is that by reducing glucose metabolism, ketogenic diets may activate anticonvulsant mechanisms, as has been reported in a rat model.82 In addition, caloric restriction per se has been suggested to exert neuroprotective effects, including improved mitochondrial function, decreased oxidative stress and apoptosis, and inhibition of proinflammatory mediators, such as the cytokines tumour necrosis factor - α and interleukins.83 Although promising data have been collected (see below), at the present time the real clinical benefits of ketogenic diets in most neurological diseases remain largely speculative and uncertain, with the significant exception of its use in the treatment of convulsion diseases.

For the purposes of this requirement, «stabilize» means to have available in the facility equipment and supplies necessary to provide basic support, such as species specific housing, warmth, oxygen, if needed, possibly fluid therapy, and some form of pain relief, to include humane euthanasia if no other options are available.

Around 500 species call the lake home and are adapted to Titicaca's unusual conditions, such as the giant Titicaca water frog with its flaps of skin suited to absorb the region's limited oxygen.

Most aquatic species can not survive at such low oxygen levels.

Coupling of atmospheric regions: To study some of the mechanisms that provide coupling between the upper and lower atmosphere, e.g., downward transport of NO with its effects on ozone photochemistry and the vertical exchange of minor species such as odd oxygen, CO, and H2O.