Beyond these matters, however, we are primarily contacting you because the abstract failed to list the important outcomes which do not differ with provider: perineal trauma, induction of labour,
oxytocin augmentation of labour, caesarean section, antenatal hospitalization, post-partum hemorrhage, length of hospital stay, initiation of breast feeding, neonatal Apgar score, admission to neonatal nursery, fetal loss or death > 24 weeks.
The rate of vacuum - or forceps - assisted vaginal birth was 1.2 % and less than 5 % of mothers required
oxytocin augmentation or epidural analgesia
Labor may not naturally accelerate on its own (active phase) until 5 cm of dilation and introducing interventions like
oxytocin augmentation or performing a cesarean for failure to progress when the mother's or baby's condition is stable is not recommended.
The vaginal delivery rate for women who had not progressed despite 2 hours of
oxytocin augmentation was 91 % for multiparous women and 74 % for nulliparous women.
Roughly 94 percent of the women in the study had a vaginal birth, and less than 5 percent required
oxytocin augmentation (which is used to make contractions stronger and closer together), or an epidural.
A study of more than 500 women found that extending the minimum period of
oxytocin augmentation for active phase arrest from 2 hours to at least 4 hours allowed the majority of women who had not progressed at the 2 - hour mark to give birth vaginally without adversely affecting neonatal outcome (22).
A prospective study of the progress of labor in 220 nulliparous women and 99 multiparous women who spontaneously entered labor evaluated the benefit of prolonging
oxytocin augmentation for an additional 4 hours (for a total of 8 hours) in patients who were dilated at least 3 cm and had unsatisfactory progress (either protraction or arrest) after an initial 4 - hour augmentation period (21).
Several studies have evaluated the optimal duration of
oxytocin augmentation in the face of labor protraction or arrest.
Epidural analgesia associated with low - dose
oxytocin augmentation increases cesarean births: a critical look at the external validity of randomized trials.
Not exact matches
Oxytocin regimen for labor
augmentation, labor progression, perinatal outcomes.
Other western practices that may contribute to PPH include the use of
oxytocin for induction and
augmentation (speeding up labour) 28 29 episiotomy or perineal trauma, forceps delivery, caesarean and previous caesarean (because of placental problems - see Hemminki30).
There were no differences between groups for fetal loss equal to / after 24 weeks and neonatal death, induction of labour, antenatal hospitalisation, antepartum haemorrhage,
augmentation / artificial
oxytocin during labour, opiate analgesia, perineal laceration requiring suturing, postpartum haemorrhage, breastfeeding initiation, low birthweight infant, five - minute Apgar score less than or equal to seven, neonatal convulsions, admission of infant to special care or neonatal intensive care unit (s) or in mean length of neonatal hospital stay (days).
The use of
oxytocin for
augmentation of contractions, separate from induction of labor, during TOLAC has been examined in several studies.
A large multicenter study of women attempting TOLAC (n = 33,699) also showed that
augmentation or induction of labor was associated with an increased risk of uterine rupture when compared with spontaneous labor (1.4 % for induction with prostaglandins with or without
oxytocin, 1.1 % for
oxytocin alone, 0.9 % for augmented labor, and 0.4 % for spontaneous labor).