Sentences with phrase «ozone changes»
"ozone changes" refer to the alterations or shifts that occur in the ozone layer, which is a protective layer in Earth's atmosphere. These changes can occur due to various factors, such as pollution, chemicals released by human activities, or natural processes. These alterations can have significant impacts on the environment, including the balance of temperature, climate patterns, and the health of living organisms. Full definition
In the top panel, global ozone changes are compared with average global ozone found in the period of 1964 to 1980.
esrl.noaa.gov
In the bottom panel, ozone changes between 1980 and 2000 are compared for different latitudes.
[Response: The problem with hypotheising ozone changes in the past is that ozone leaves no unique geochemical trace, and thus you have to rely on models completely to fill in the gaps.
every grid box has a change in radiation if there is a change in GHG or aerosol composition; ozone changes affect the stratosphere and troposphere directly; land - use changes affect the surface reflectivity and water cycling etc. — gavin]
Lamarque, D. R. Marsh, D. Saint - Martin, D. T. Shindell, K. Sudo, S. Szopa, and S. Watanabe (2013), Long - term ozone changes and associated climate impacts in CMIP5 simulations, J. Geophys.
The authors use a two - dimensional atmospheric model to simulate the nitrate and ozone changes associated with the A.D. 1908 Tunguska event where a bolide airburst occurred over Siberia, Russia.
Global total ozone changes.
In a study published in Nature Geoscience this week (subscription), Michaela Hegglin and Theodore Sheperd at the University of Toronto used the Canadian Middle Atomosphere Model, which fully resolves stratospheric circulation, to project ozone changes under the IPCC's medium - emissions A1B scenario.
If we are seeing changes to the tropopause temperatures as an indirect impact from increased Asian aerosol emissions or solar - driven ozone changes, then this might be better thought of as impacting the efficacy of those forcings rather than implying some sensitivity change.
In addition, the solar - plus - ozone change leads to increased tropical stratospheric warming in the mid-to-upper stratosphere during solar maximum conditions.
The researchers found that it is Arctic stratospheric ozone changes in March that are most strongly connected with the North Pacific SST, with a delay of about a month.
For example, only 8 of 23 CMIP3 models included black carbon while less than half included future tropospheric ozone changes.
Solar irradiance change has a strong spectral dependence [Lean, 2000], and resulting climate changes may include indirect effects of induced ozone change [RFCR; Haigh, 1999; Shindell et al., 1999a] and conceivably even cosmic ray effects on clouds [Dickinson, 1975].
Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite: A program to study global ozone change.
Shindell, D.T., and G. Faluvegi, 2002: An exploration of ozone changes and their radiative forcing prior to the chlorofluorocarbon era.
The authors used «fingerprints» of the ozone changes with season and altitude to attribute the ozone's recovery to the continuing decline of atmospheric chlorine originating from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
Remember, too, that ozone changes are part of the observed stratospheric cooling.
While recent trends in stratospheric ozone have been driven largely by increases in halogen abundance resulting from chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emissions, climate change will play an increasing role in governing ozone amounts in the future, and ozone changes will feed back on climate as ozone is itself a greenhouse gas.
«We use 1280 years of control simulation, with constant preindustrial forcings including constant specified CO2, and a five - member ensemble of historical simulations from 1850 — 2005 including prescribed historical greenhouse gas concentrations, SO2 and other aerosol - precursor emissions, land use changes, solar irradiance changes, tropospheric and stratospheric ozone changes, and volcanic aerosol (ALL), following the recommended CMIP5 specifications.
Southern Hemisphere climate response to ozone changes and greenhouse gas increases.
Several models also include effects of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone changes.
Temperature observations will also be studied and interpreted in a more integrated manner, in order to better understand the linkages of stratospheric ozone changes to surface climate.
Similarly, the effects of tropospheric and stratospheric ozone changes are included in some simulations but not others, and a few simulations include the effects of carbonaceous aerosols and land use changes, while the naturally forced simulations include different representations of changing solar and volcanic forcing.
CCMVal is an important corner stone for the interpretation of recent climate and ozone changes and the assessment of possible future development.
If the ozone changes were to influence the radiation in these setups, then we'd have a cleaner separation of the climate influence of LLGHGs, but we'd compromise our ability to diagnose AIE (and the separation of «climate» is somewhat imperfect anyway, since the SST changes include the influence of aerosols and ozone, so it's not just LLGHGs).
As a consequence of the ozone changes, radiative forcing of surface climate is out of phase with solar activity.
We have discussed this issue time and again in our own work, and Keith Briffa, Malcolm Hughes, and many others have published on this, w / competing possible explanations (stratospheric ozone changes, incidentally, is the least plausible to me of multiple competing, more plausible explanations that have been published).