Sentences with phrase «ozone concentrations for»

For instance, Figure 20 compares the average monthly pressure of the phase change to the average monthly ozone concentrations for the 45 - 60 ° N band.

When we compared the seasonal variations in ozone concentrations for each band to the seasonal variations in the phase change conditions, we found they were both highly correlated!

Not exact matches

Those who were exposed to the highest concentrations of ozone were about 20 percent more likely to develop diabetes, even after adjusting for other possible explanations such as diet and exercise levels.

So Weschler and Wisthaler simulated a typical office environment at the Technical University of Denmark in Copenhagen — two people in a carpeted 28.5 — cubic meter room at a temperature of 23 degrees Celsius with two small stainless steel tables, two chairs, two flat - screen LCD monitors, two headsets, one walkie - talkie, one small mixing fan, a few books, two laptops, two bottles of water and ozone concentrations that reached roughly 32 parts per billion, an average exposure for a hot, smoggy day.

8 hour average ozone concentrations of 85 to 104 ppbv are described as «Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups», 105 ppbv to 124 ppbv as «unhealthy» and 125 ppb to 404 ppb as «very unhealthy.»

Although the Montreal Protocol came into force in 1987 and restricted the use of ozone - depleting substances, atmospheric concentrations of these harmful substances continued to rise as they can survive in the atmosphere for many years.

NASA's upper atmosphere research satellite, for example, carries the British - made microwave limb sounder (MLS) which measures concentrations of chlorine monoxide — a chemical that plays a critical part in the destruction of ozone.

Even though open windows bring in more ozone from outside, the reduction in the indoor limonene concentration and SOA formation strength more than make up for it, as less secondary organic aerosol is formed inside.

High ozone concentrations typically occur outside of the cities and represent a risk factor for the health of rural population as well as for agricultural production.

For O3, the design value represents the three - year average of the fourth highest daily 8 - hour maximum ozone concentration.

The specialized instruments onboard the aircraft sampled the plume for aerosol particle size distribution and composition as well as concentrations of pollutant gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

This assumes that ambient ozone concentrations measured at the monitor location are representative of population exposure (see e.g. Meng et al. 2012; US EPA 2013 for a discussion of the validity of this assumption).

Pallas is one of the sites of the Finnish network for monitoring the concentrations of mercury and other heavy metals, benzo (a) pyrene, ozone and other air pollutants, as required by the European legislation on ambient air quality.

The Pallas research infrastructure has been extensively instrumented for modern and versatile monitoring of the environment since the start of continuous monitoring of atmospheric sulphur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) concentrations at Sammaltunturi in September 1991, and with the setup of the Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station in 1994.

• increases in malnutrition and consequent disorders, with implications for child growth and development; • increased deaths, disease and injury due to heat waves, floods, storms, fires and droughts; • the increased burden of diarrheal disease; • the increased frequency of cardio - respiratory diseases due to higher concentrations of ground - level ozone related to climate change; and, • the altered spatial distribution of some infectious disease vectors.

Of course, though some of the flux up at the tropopause escapes directly to space, and some is absorbed by CO2 (over the whole stratosphere in the wings of the CO2 band, concentrated towards the base of the stratosphere for larger optical thicknesses), some is absorbed by ozone (with variable concentration), and some by water vapor.

Scientists use the word hole as a metaphor for the area in which ozone concentrations drop below the historical threshold of 220 Dobson Units.

In 1991, a new threshold was passed; ozone concentration fell below 100 DU for the first time.

Although concentrations should level off as the Montreal Protocol on Substances which Deplete the Ozone Layer is implemented, CFCs have long life - times, and their effects will be felt for many decades to come.

Pallas is one of the sites of the Finnish network for monitoring the concentrations of mercury and other heavy metals, benzo (a) pyrene, ozone and other air pollutants, as required by the European legislation on ambient air quality.

Due to the important role of ozone in driving temperature changes in the stratosphere as well as radiative forcing of surface climate, several different groups have provided databases characterizing the time - varying concentrations of this key gas that can be used to force global climate change simulations (particularly for those models that do not calculate ozone from photochemical principles).

Debates over the optimal level of ozone have been ongoing for many years, and current efforts to strengthen environmental regulations affecting ozone concentrations remain contentious.

Icelandic volcanoes are about 30 degrees away from the pole, too far except for the strongest eruptions, to be swept - up (in suficient enough concentration) into the stratosphere by polar vortex, hence the ozone layer there is more stable, despite fact there was more CFC around in the Nth than Sth hemisphere.

This study of course does not take away very different concerns related to stratospheric aerosol SRM geoengineering, like possible damage to the ozone layer [which in turn would be good news if you hate waiting for that spring tan] and the fact that allowing CO2 concentrations to keep rising presents other problems, like the necessity to never stop with the active process of SRM geoengineering, and increasing ecological damage caused by ocean acidification.

During extreme heat events, nighttime temperatures in the region's big cities are generally several degrees higher28 than surrounding regions, leading to increased heat - related death among those less able to recover from the heat of the day.36 Since the hottest days in the Northeast are often associated with high concentrations of ground - level ozone and other pollutants, 37 the combination of heat stress and poor air quality can pose a major health risk to vulnerable groups: young children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions including asthma.29 Vulnerability is further increased as key infrastructure, including electricity for potentially life - saving air conditioning, is more likely to fail precisely when it is most needed — when demand exceeds available supply.

Pace the phrase «any air pollutant,» everything in § 115 points to it being meant to apply only to NAAQS pollutants, i.e., those for which EPA has established a «National Ambient Air Quality Standard»: a numerical value representing the appropriate atmospheric concentration of ozone, particulate matter, etc..

It is the primary pathway for global - scale equator - pole transport in the stratosphere and has implications for ozone concentrations.

Langmann, B., and S.E. Bauer, 2002: On the importance of reliable background concentrations of ozone for regional scale photochemical modelling.

Your preference for the CFC explanation instead is bizarre because you have no idea of the scale of the effect of the positive AO on ozone concentrations.

Other researchers used historical (real - world) data for land use, atmospheric CO2 concentration, nitrogen deposition, fertilization, ozone levels, rainfall and climate, to develop a computer model that simulates plant growth responses for southern US habitats from 1895 to 2007.

The caveat is that these molecules can weakly absorb sunlight in the near IR and visible on combination and overtone bands, mostly of water vapor, and on weakly absorbing forbidden transitions such as the Chappius bands of ozone, and for very low concentrations of dimers.

Atmospheric concentrations of LLGHGs have increased (see Chapter 2) and are expected to continue to increase, with consequences for the ozone layer.

Not surprisingly, highly populated regions such as the Los Angeles, Riverside and Houston areas, where the climate is sunny for much of the year and the air mass is relatively stable, had the highest average concentrations of ozone, ranging from 62.5 to 104 ppb.

High ozone levels downstream of pollution sources can cause elevated OH radical concentrations, which in turn increases the concentration of condensable species and thus the potential for nucleation.

Since a large body of evidence links pollution with poor health, and health is an important part of human capital, efforts to reduce pollution could plausibly be viewed as an investment in human capital and thus a tool for promoting economic growth... We find robust evidence that ozone levels well below federal air quality standards have a significant impact on productivity: a 10 ppb decrease in ozone concentrations increases worker productivity by 4.2 percent.

We present an analysis of how three alternative scenarios for US power plant carbon standards could change fine particulate matter and ozone concentrations in ambient air, and the resulting public health co-benefits.