Sentences with phrase «ozone gas as»

«We decided to investigate pulsed ozone gas as an alternative sterilisation method and chose PLGA as it's perhaps the most widely used implantable polymer.

Not exact matches

On World Food Day, IFOAM — Organics International calls for an end to the use of toxic inputs that are destroying soils and ecosystems as well as emitting ozone depleting greenhouse gases (GHG).

Feedstock is defined in the Ozone Protection and Synthetic Greenhouse Gas Management Act 1989 as «an intermediate substance which is used to manufacture other chemicals».

Despite a global phase - out of CFCs such as Freon, newly detected gases threaten the ozone layer's recovery.

Ground - level ozone is a secondary pollutant, meaning that it is not emitted directly, but forms when sunlight triggers reactions between natural and human - caused chemical emissions, known as ozone precursor gases.

The researchers found that while the amount of ozone depletion arising from VSLS in the atmosphere today is small compared to that caused by longer - lived gases, such as CFCs, VSLS - driven ozone depletion was found to be almost four times more efficient at influencing climate.

Bean and Kempton, meanwhile, are interested in detailing what a statistical census of biologically significant gases such as oxygen, carbon dioxide and ozone could reveal about planetary habitability.

This is important, as a molecule of ozone lost in this region has a far larger impact on climate than a molecule destroyed at higher altitudes by longer - lived gases.»

Several explanations for this widening have been proposed, such as radiative forcing due to greenhouse gas increase and stratospheric ozone depletion.

The researchers [3] quantified China's current contribution to global «radiative forcing» (the imbalance, of human origin, of our planet's radiation budget), by differentiating between the contributions of long - life greenhouse gases, the ozone and its precursors, as well as aerosols.

And ozone, which forms a beneficial shield against ultraviolet radiation when high in the stratosphere, is an efficient greenhouse gas when it appears at airliner altitudes — as it increasingly does, since it too is a by - product of fossil fuel burning.

Coal plants are one of the largest contributors to atmospheric particulate matter and ozone — which are linked to worsened asthma and increased rates of heart attacks and premature death — as well as greenhouse gases and toxic substances, including mercury.

Simulating natural and humanmade climate drivers, scientists showed that the decline in rainfall is primarily a response to humanmade increases in greenhouse gases as well as a thinning of the ozone caused by humanmade aerosol emissions.

These include methane, nitrous oxide («laughing gas»), halons, methyl bromide and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are notorious as «ozone killers» because they play a major role in ozone depletion in the polar regions.

Yet, chlorofluorocarbons, to give them their proper name, are potent molecules that both exacerbate the blanket of greenhouse gases warming the world as well as chew up the stratospheric ozone layer protecting the planet's inhabitants from excess doses of ultraviolet sunlight.

«Our findings suggest that sterilisation by ozone gas is very likely to work for other implantable polymers as well, especially other polyesters.»

The researchers showed that exposing the implants to as few as two controlled «pulses» of ozone gas could sterilise the polymer, called poly (lactic - co-glycolic acid)(PLGA), killing spores of the Geobacillus stearothermophilus bacteria, the most common biological indicator used for validation of sterilisation processes.

If there are a lot of gases that consume oxygen, such as methane or hydrogen, then any oxygen or ozone produced will be destroyed in the atmosphere.

(Industrial sectors such as oil and gas production don't emit ozone directly; rather, they emit compounds — such as nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds — that get converted to ozone in the atmosphere.)

The device would have measured ozone concentration, gases involved in ozone depletion, and aerosols such as those from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines.

Man - made climate change has been a global concern for several years, but as industrial emissions of some greenhouse and ozone - depleting gases drop, scientists are finding new sources to worry about.

But because the gas does not occur naturally, even small concentrations are a sign that other more common pollutants, such as carbon monoxide and ozone, could be present.

The specialized instruments onboard the aircraft sampled the plume for aerosol particle size distribution and composition as well as concentrations of pollutant gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Inert gases such as neon (Ne), helium (He), and krypton (Kr) and other constituents such as nitrogen oxides, compounds of sulfur, and compounds of ozone are found in lesser amounts.

Ozone should recover to its pre-1980 levels by the middle of this century and slightly later for Antarctica where the protective gas layer gets extremely thin between August and December every year, the WMO reportedly said, adding that the process can be speeded up by almost 11 years if existing stocks of ozone - depleting products, such as those found in old refrigerators and fire extinguishers are destrOzone should recover to its pre-1980 levels by the middle of this century and slightly later for Antarctica where the protective gas layer gets extremely thin between August and December every year, the WMO reportedly said, adding that the process can be speeded up by almost 11 years if existing stocks of ozone - depleting products, such as those found in old refrigerators and fire extinguishers are destrozone - depleting products, such as those found in old refrigerators and fire extinguishers are destroyed.

«The increased use of clean energy sources that do not emit greenhouse gases or conventional air pollutants... would be doubly beneficial to global food security, as they do not contribute to either climate change or increased surface - ozone concentrations,» she said.

You May Also Like: Mountaintop Coal Falls As Renewables, Natural Gas Rise Record Warmth Continues to Bake U.S. West EPA Bans a Gas That Once Helped Save the Ozone Layer Two Maps Show Greenland's Sudden Melt Season Onset

The gas has been linked to negative effects on pulmonary health, but a new study from Duke University shows ozone may have serious consequences for heart health as well.

Earth's much thicker layer of low - level ozone, however, has a much larger contribution from the build - up of molecular oxygen beginning some 2.4 billion years ago from photosynthetic microbes excreting oxygen as a waste gas, which now along with plant life is constantly replenishing Earth's two - atom as well as three - stom ozone oxygen molecules.

Despite ozone's participation as a greenhouse gas, it's still important that it return to its normal levels.

The goal is to understand the sources, movement and transformation of short - lived greenhouse gases, such as ozone and methane, which are important contributors to climate change.

Chlorofluorocarbons, banned by an international agreement known as the Montreal Protocol because they eat up atmospheric ozone, are also greenhouse gases.

With the activated carbon layer embedded in the media, this filter easily bonds pollutant gases such as sulfur dioxide, ozone and fuel vapors in the pores of the activated carbon,...

Some veterinarians are injecting ozone as a gas directly into arthritic joints because human studies have proven pain relief using this technique.

Ozone can be given rectally by gas, in saline as SQ fluids at acupuncture sites, injected into tumors with ozonated saline or mixed with blood and given intravenously.

Ozone can be given rectally as a gas or it can be injected either subcutaneously, at acupuncture points, or directly into tumors.

* The role of the US in global efforts to address pollutants that are broadly dispersed across national borders, such as greenhouse gasses, persistent organic pollutants, ozone, etc...; * How they view a president's ability to influence national science policy in a way that will persist beyond their term (s), as would be necessary for example to address global climate change or enhancement of science education nationwide; * Their perspective on the relative roles that scientific knowledge, ethics, economics, and faith should play in resolving debates over embryonic stem cell research, evolution education, human population growth, etc... * What specific steps they would take to prevent the introduction of political or economic bias in the dissemination and use of scientific knowledge; * (and many more...)

Some of these forcings are well known and understood (such as the well - mixed greenhouse gases, or recent volcanic effects), while others have an uncertain magnitude (solar), and / or uncertain distributions in space and time (aerosols, tropospheric ozone etc.), or uncertain physics (land use change, aerosol indirect effects etc.).

As to the specific papers you cited, Miller et al 2006 states,» Recent changes in the magnitude of the annular patterns have been interpreted as the signature of anthropogenic forcing by changes in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) or else stratospheric ozone [Shindell et al., 1999; Fyfe et al., 1999; Kushner et al., 2001; Kindem and Christiansen, 2001; Sexton, 2001; Gillett and Thompson, 2003; Shindell and Schmidt, 2004; Arblaster and Meehl, 2006].&raquAs to the specific papers you cited, Miller et al 2006 states,» Recent changes in the magnitude of the annular patterns have been interpreted as the signature of anthropogenic forcing by changes in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) or else stratospheric ozone [Shindell et al., 1999; Fyfe et al., 1999; Kushner et al., 2001; Kindem and Christiansen, 2001; Sexton, 2001; Gillett and Thompson, 2003; Shindell and Schmidt, 2004; Arblaster and Meehl, 2006].&raquas the signature of anthropogenic forcing by changes in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) or else stratospheric ozone [Shindell et al., 1999; Fyfe et al., 1999; Kushner et al., 2001; Kindem and Christiansen, 2001; Sexton, 2001; Gillett and Thompson, 2003; Shindell and Schmidt, 2004; Arblaster and Meehl, 2006].»

In the atmosphere, a portion of the nitrogen winds up as nitrous oxide — laughing gas — which is not only a greenhouse gas that is 300 times more potent that carbon dioxide, but also destroys ozone, the gas that keeps us from getting more of a dose of UV radiation.

The minor industrial gases known as CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) could become a grave threat to the ozone layer.

Subsections: Methane (SEE BELOW), Ozone and CFCs (1970 - 1980), Other Gases as a Major Factor (the 1980s), Struggling toward Policies

While planting trees for bioenergy would no doubt lead to an uptick in ozone pollution, it should be noted that burning fossil fuels — coal, oil, and gas — is generally seen as a larger and graver contributor to air pollution than tree plantations.

Editor's Notes: • HFCs are super polluting greenhouse gases thousands of times more damaging to the climate than CO2, used as substitutes for ozone - depleting substances in refrigeration, air - conditioning and foams.

What they found was a drop in Escaping Infra Red radiation at the PRECISE wavelength bands that greenhouse gases such as CO2 with H2O, CFC's, Ozone, Nitrous Oxides, & methane (CH4) absorb energy.

One driver of temperatures in this region is the abundance and variability of ozone, but water vapor, volcanic aerosols, and dynamical changes such as the Quasi - Biennial Oscillation (QBO) are also significant; anthropogenic increases in other greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide play a lesser but significant role in the lower stratosphere.

Due to the important role of ozone in driving temperature changes in the stratosphere as well as radiative forcing of surface climate, several different groups have provided databases characterizing the time - varying concentrations of this key gas that can be used to force global climate change simulations (particularly for those models that do not calculate ozone from photochemical principles).

Today — rising natural gas use plays a key role in falling emissions of carbon dioxide — even as levels of methane and ozone decline.

As the absorbing layer of greenhouse gases becomes thicker the stratosphere and ozone layer become isolated among, well, the nothingness of space, where everything is very, very cold.

The heat caused by infrared radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone and methane, which slows its escape from the atmosphere.