Sentences with phrase «ozone in the stratosphere from»

Dr. Okano is the first to observe height profiles of ozone in the stratosphere from the ground with laser heterodyne spectroscopy.

Not exact matches

Some experts predicted that the depletion of ozone in the stratosphere due to the exhausts from the SST would produce about 10,000 additional cases of skin cancer in the world.

Recently, additional ozone production mechanisms have been proposed to resolve the ozone deficit problem, which arises from greater ozone destruction than production in several photochemical models of the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere.

This is what's known about the dynamics of the stratosphere: Increasing clouds of low - lying ozone, made from the reaction between sunlight and pollution, are showing up in the western U.S. that have little or no industrial activity.

Up in the stratosphere, the ozone layer absorbs harmful UV radiation coming from space — protecting humans, animals and plants from the damage UV does.

On Earth, temperature inversion occurs because ozone in the stratosphere absorbs much of the sun's ultraviolet radiation, preventing it from reaching the surface, protecting the biosphere, and therefore warming the stratosphere instead.

They fear that similar aerosol already in the northern stratosphere, which came from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines in June 1991, may cause a dramatic loss of ozone in the northern hemisphere next February or March.

Air naturally poor in ozone was, for example, lifted into the lower stratosphere above Britain from the sub-tropical Atlantic, by an unusual pattern of atmospheric circulation.

At a symposium in Germany last week, atmospheric chemists debated for the first time whether aircraft should be banned from the stratosphere in order to protect the ozone layer.

Pollutants that gather from India and China in the lowlands around the mountains can be boosted as high as 18 kilometers, reaching the stratosphere — the atmospheric layer directly above the troposphere that contains most of Earth's ozone.

Unlike ozone in the stratosphere, which benefits life on Earth by blocking ultraviolet radiation from the Sun, ground - level ozone can trigger a number of health problems.

On Earth, ozone absorbs UV in the stratosphere, protecting our world from a lot of the Sun's harmful radiation.

Because ozone in the troposphere is a precursor to OH, they deployed weather balloons equipped with measuring devices known as sondes to measure the amount of ozone in the air from the surface to the stratosphere.

Because they are released in large quantities from tropical oceans, they are rapidly lofted by tropical thunderstorms into the stratosphere within a month or two where they can destroy ozone for a larger portion of their lifetimes.

Currently only ozone - depleting substances with atmospheric lifetimes ranging from a year to over 100 years, are controlled because they linger in the atmosphere long enough to reach the upper atmosphere, called the stratosphere.

The chemical balance in the stratosphere is changed significantly by the presence of these clouds, altering the breakdown products from manmade CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) so that rapid chemical ozone destruction can occur in the presence of sunlight.

But near the poles and in the upper stratosphere, CO2 is increasing the amount of ozone by preventing nitrogen oxide from breaking it down.

The chemical balance in the stratosphere is changed significantly by the presence of these clouds, altering the breakdown products from manmade CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) so that rapid chemical ozone destruction can occur in the presence of sunlight.

In the absence of ozone, there would be no well - defined stratosphere, but what we now call the stratosphere would also warm due to its increased opacity, and an increased upward flux from below in the CO2 wavelengthIn the absence of ozone, there would be no well - defined stratosphere, but what we now call the stratosphere would also warm due to its increased opacity, and an increased upward flux from below in the CO2 wavelengthin the CO2 wavelengths.

Warming must occur below the tropopause to increase the net LW flux out of the tropopause to balance the tropopause - level forcing; there is some feedback at that point as the stratosphere is «forced» by the fraction of that increase which it absorbs, and a fraction of that is transfered back to the tropopause level — for an optically thick stratosphere that could be significant, but I think it may be minor for the Earth as it is (while CO2 optical thickness of the stratosphere alone is large near the center of the band, most of the wavelengths in which the stratosphere is not transparent have a more moderate optical thickness on the order of 1 (mainly from stratospheric water vapor; stratospheric ozone makes a contribution over a narrow wavelength band, reaching somewhat larger optical thickness than stratospheric water vapor)(in the limit of an optically thin stratosphere at most wavelengths where the stratosphere is not transparent, changes in the net flux out of the stratosphere caused by stratospheric warming or cooling will tend to be evenly split between upward at TOA and downward at the tropopause; with greater optically thickness over a larger fraction of optically - significant wavelengths, the distribution of warming or cooling within the stratosphere will affect how such a change is distributed, and it would even be possible for stratospheric adjustment to have opposite effects on the downward flux at the tropopause and the upward flux at TOA).

In the stratosphere, it from solar and LW absorption by ozone, and a small amount from water vapour, but what ever the temperature is, there is radiation from the CO2.

(CO2 band is near the peak wavelength, water vapor bands significant in stratosphere for wavelengths longer than ~ 25 microns and between ~ 5.5 and 7 microns, and ozone between ~ 9.5 and 10 microns, and CH4 and N2O between ~ 7.5 and 8 microns — Hartmann p. 44 and 48, rough est. from graphs; signficant stratospheric transparency remains in several of those bands except near the peak of the CO2 band, but especially water vapor from 25 to 50 microns.)

Observations from satellites and balloons suggest that ozone abundances have decreased in the tropical lower stratosphere since the late 1970s, but this long - term change is occurring in a region of large interannual variability.

Due to the important role of ozone in driving temperature changes in the stratosphere as well as radiative forcing of surface climate, several different groups have provided databases characterizing the time - varying concentrations of this key gas that can be used to force global climate change simulations (particularly for those models that do not calculate ozone from photochemical principles).

Wespes, C., Hurtmans, D., Emmons, L. K., Safieddine, S., Clerbaux, C., Edwards, D. P., and Coheur, P. - F.: Ozone variability in the troposphere and the stratosphere from the first 6 years of IASI observations (2008 — 2013), Atmos.

In 1974, Dr. Mario Molina and Dr. Sherwood Roland of the University of California published a paper asserting that chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) pollution from industry was destroying the ozone layer in Earth's stratospherIn 1974, Dr. Mario Molina and Dr. Sherwood Roland of the University of California published a paper asserting that chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) pollution from industry was destroying the ozone layer in Earth's stratospherin Earth's stratosphere.

'' «It all amounts to a mystery, but a troubling one because ozone protects life at the surface from incoming ultraviolet radiation, and any thinning of total ozone in the stratosphere is cause for concern.

Icelandic volcanoes are about 30 degrees away from the pole, too far except for the strongest eruptions, to be swept - up (in suficient enough concentration) into the stratosphere by polar vortex, hence the ozone layer there is more stable, despite fact there was more CFC around in the Nth than Sth hemisphere.

More ozone from the stratosphere entering the troposphere at high latitudes (coupled Stratosphere / troposphere circulation) and being fed towards the equator by the counter westerlies traveling in precisely the same direction asstratosphere entering the troposphere at high latitudes (coupled Stratosphere / troposphere circulation) and being fed towards the equator by the counter westerlies traveling in precisely the same direction asStratosphere / troposphere circulation) and being fed towards the equator by the counter westerlies traveling in precisely the same direction as the trades.

Ozone in the stratosphere protects earth from radiation (otherwise we would all be fried double quick) but in the troposphere it becomes a GHG, adding to the woes created by carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide.

52 • Immune system suppression Natural Capital Degradation Effects of Ozone Depletion Human Health • Worse sunburn • More eye cataracts • More skin cancers • Immune system suppression Food and Forests • Reduced yields for some crops • Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton • Decreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts in some species • Decreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton • Disrupted aquatic food webs from reduced phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the stratospOzone Depletion Human Health • Worse sunburn • More eye cataracts • More skin cancers • Immune system suppression Food and Forests • Reduced yields for some crops • Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton • Decreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts in some species • Decreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton • Disrupted aquatic food webs from reduced phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the stratospozone in the stratosphere.

The various kinds of evidence examined by the panel suggest that the troposphere actually may have warmed much less rapidly than the surface from 1979 into the late 1990s, due both to natural causes (e.g., the sequence of volcanic eruptions that occurred within this particular 20 - year period) and human activities (e.g., the cooling of the upper part of the troposphere resulting from ozone depletion in the stratosphere).

The wind patterns may have changed due to a combination of the current Pacific Decadal Oscillation which has now started changing, and the ozone hole allowing more sunlight to reach the surface rather than being absorbed in the stratosphere; the extra energy from this may have accelerated the winds.

«ozone is a powerful greenhouse gas and helps retain heat from below» In the stratosphere yes.

Hypothetically (and the relationship is already well established statistically) the gamut of Mid Winter Warmings, Sudden Stratospheric Warmings and Final Warmings in the Arctic stratosphere depend upon the supply of ozone rich air from mid latitudes being thrust into the Arctic stratosphere where ozone is normally in a somewhat depleted state due to erosive nitrogen compounds descending from the mesosphere, in turn related to Particle Precipitation Events that are strongly related to geomagnetic influences and the solar wind.

The amount of ozone in the upper troposphere depends on dynamical processes [waves] and transport mechanisms between controlling the downward intrusions of ozone from the stratosphere, thus driven from below.

I think her data implies that a more active sun producing more solar protons, in causing more depletion of ozone above 45Km, cools the mesosphere thereby enhancing the upward energy flux from stratosphere to mesosphere thus cooling the stratosphere too.

Here is how the more active sun would deplete ozone in the higher layers so as to cool them and thereby accelerate the upward energy flux from the stratosphere below which then cools instead of warming when the sun is more active:

I see from Joanna Haigh's work that ozone reactions do seem to be at the heart of it and in particular the region at 45Km near the top of the stratosphere where there appears to be an unexpected disjunction between the ozone reactions above and below that level.

Until the 1990s, the widespread use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) for refrigerants and aerosols created an ozone hole in the Earth's stratosphere (the second layer of the atmosphere from Earth's surface) over Antarctica.

22 Ozone in the stratosphere filters out much of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun View Figure 25 on page 379 of your textbook In the 1970s scientists noticed that the ozone layer over Antarctica was growing thinner OZONE DEPLOzone in the stratosphere filters out much of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun View Figure 25 on page 379 of your textbook In the 1970s scientists noticed that the ozone layer over Antarctica was growing thinner OZONE DEPLOzone in the stratosphere filters out much of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun View Figure 25 on page 379 of your textbook In the 1970s scientists noticed that the ozone layer over Antarctica was growing thinner OZONE DEPLETIin the stratosphere filters out much of the harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun View Figure 25 on page 379 of your textbook In the 1970s scientists noticed that the ozone layer over Antarctica was growing thinner OZONE DEPLETIIn the 1970s scientists noticed that the ozone layer over Antarctica was growing thinner OZONE DEPLozone layer over Antarctica was growing thinner OZONE DEPLozone layer over Antarctica was growing thinner OZONE DEPLOZONE DEPLOZONE DEPLETION

The theory is that the Ozone Hole, by allowing more of the UV component of the Sun's incoming radiation to make it down to low altitude rather than being absorbed in the stratosphere is providing an incremental energy increase to drive the strength of the SAM, and thus the degree to which Antarctica is isolated from more global weather influences.

Ozone absorbs incoming solar ultraviolet, leading to heating, which is balanced by thermal radiation from the greenhouse gases in the stratosphere.

60 • Immune system suppression Natural Capital Degradation Effects of Ozone Depletion Human Health • Worse sunburn • More eye cataracts • More skin cancers • Immune system suppression Food and Forests • Reduced yields for some crops • Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton • Decreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts in some species • Decreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the stratospOzone Depletion Human Health • Worse sunburn • More eye cataracts • More skin cancers • Immune system suppression Food and Forests • Reduced yields for some crops • Reduced seafood supplies from reduced phytoplankton • Decreased forest productivity for UV - sensitive tree species Wildlife • Increased eye cataracts in some species • Decreased population of aquatic species sensitive to UV radiation • Reduced population of surface phytoplankton Figure 20.21 Natural capital degradation: expected effects of decreased levels of ozone in the stratospozone in the stratosphere.

Instead he proposes CFC from human sources affecting the chemical reactions in the stratosphere involving ozone.

Pollutants that gather from India and China in the lowlands around the mountains can be boosted as high as 18 kilometers, reaching the stratosphere — the atmospheric layer directly above the troposphere that contains most of Earth's ozone.

It may be a matter of semantics, she concedes, but there was a rapid resupply of ozone from outside the Arctic vortex (that swirling wall of winds in the stratosphere that largely corrals a patch of atmosphere, rendering it vulnerable to ozone - destroying chemical reactions).

(Note: Ozone is a good thing high up in the stratosphere, where it is naturally produced and blocks ultraviolate (UV) rays from harming life on Earth, but a bad thing in the troposphere, where it acts as main ingredient of smog and is harmful to breath and damages crops).

Changes in stratospheric temperatures, induced by changes in ozone or LLGHG concentration, alter the Brewer - Dobson circulation (Butchart and Scaife, 2001; Butchart et al., 2006), controlling the rate at which long - lived molecules, such as LLGHGs, CFCs, HCFCs and halogens are transported from the troposphere to various levels in the stratosphere.

In the upper stratosphere, ozone depletion has been from 15 to 20 %.