People living in parts of southern Europe, South Korea and southern Japan and China also experienced more than 15 days a year of
ozone levels above 70 ppb.
Not exact matches
According to previous simulations, UV - B radiation at the end of the Permian may have increased from a background
level of 10 kilojoules (just
above current ambient
levels) to as much as 100 kilojoules, due to large concentrations of
ozone - damaging halogens spewed from volcanoes (SN: 1/15/11, p. 12).
The
ozone layer lies in Earth's stratosphere, 10 to 50 kilometers
above sea
level.
The formation of large areas of high pressure in the lower atmosphere both lowers
ozone levels, by squeezing the
ozone layer
above, and may provide the very cold conditions in which
ozone destruction is greatest.
In the summer, when these weather patterns subside,
ozone levels in national parks are still
above what would be expected given U.S. reductions in
ozone - precursors.
Chemistry - transport model studies of the impact of recent changes of
ozone precursor emissions, both regionally and globally as outlined
above, consistently show that the local response of
ozone levels has been a decrease in North America and Europe and an increase in East Asia (Verstraeten et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2016; Lin et al., 2017).
those substances (chiefly chlorofluorocarbons — CFCs) are still thought to be depleting the
ozone layer — which is in the stratosphere, some 30 km
above the ground -
level ozone that people shouldn't be breathing.
The study — complete details of which have been published in the journal Nature Geoscience — further revealed that the
ozone levels in the atmospheric troposphere
above China have increased by 7 percent between 2005 and 2010.
The effect of solar activity in fall 2003 was strong, but it was limited to
levels well
above the actual
ozone layer.
Even though the stratosphere has an opposite lapse rate to the troposphere because of the
ozone absorption, the effect of increasing GHGs is the same, i.e. since it is
above the effective radiating
level, it will cool.
Because
ozone rapidly decreases with height (very little
ozone above 35 km),
ozone loss is estimated to have caused only half of the cooling at the higher
levels of the stratosphere.
According to the European Environmental Agency, more than 90 % of urban population in the EU is exposed to fine particle (PM2.5) and
ozone pollution
levels above the World Health Organisation guidelines.
The link between ground -
level ozone and crop damage mentioned
above is one example, but there are many others.
Moonbats: «Jacobson found that domes of increased carbon dioxide concentrations — discovered to form
above cities more than a decade ago — cause local temperature increases that in turn increase the amounts of local air pollutants, raising concentrations of health - damaging ground -
level ozone as well as particles in urban air.»
Atmospheric scientists previously observed that
levels of
ozone - depleting CFCs were falling in the stratosphere (the
level of atmosphere between 5 and 30 miles up in the sky)
above Antarctica.
Although the satellites are considered the gold - standard for measuring and observing sea
levels, hurricanes / typhoons,
ozone holes, sea ice, atmospheric CO2 distribution, polar ice sheet masses and etc., the same 24/7 technology used to measure temperatures across the entire habitable world is now being ignored (i.e., denied) due to the
above inconvenient evidence.
I see from Joanna Haigh's work that
ozone reactions do seem to be at the heart of it and in particular the region at 45Km near the top of the stratosphere where there appears to be an unexpected disjunction between the
ozone reactions
above and below that
level.
That increase will have a disproportionately large impact on vegetation because
ozone concentrations in many locations will rise
above the critical
level where adverse effects are observed in plants and ecosystems.
By 2090, as many as 2 billion people globally will be breathing air
above the WHO «safe»
level; one paper last month showed that, among other effects, a pregnant mother's exposure to
ozone raises the child's risk of autism (as much as tenfold, combined with other environmental factors).